788 



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



reddish purple or sometimes green during their first winter and conspicuously marked by 

 the elevated lunate leaf-scars, ultimately becoming light brown or brown tinged with red. 

 Winter-buds formed in July; the terminal acute, ' long, covered by 2 narrow-ovate acute 

 long-pointed puberulous light green opposite scales, accompanied by 2 pairs of lateral buds, 

 each covered by a single scale, those of the lower pair shedding their scales in the autumn 

 and remaining undeveloped, those of the upper pair clothed with pale hairs, especially 

 toward the apex, their scales thickening, turning dark purple, lengthening in the spring with 

 the inclosed shoot, finally becoming scarious and developing into small leaves, and in fall- 

 ing marking the base of the branchlets with ring-like scars. Bark of the trunk ab'out \' 

 thick, brown tinged w r ith red, and divided on the surface into small thin appressed scales. 

 Wood heavy, exceedingly hard, strong, close-grained, light brown tinged with red, with 

 lighter colored sapwood of 30-40 layers of annual growth; used in cabinet-making, for 

 mauls and the handles of tools. 



Distribution. Usually in moist well-drained soil under the shade of coniferous forests; 

 valley of the lower Fraser River and Vancouver Island, British Columbia, southward 

 through western Washington and Oregon, on the coast ranges of California to the San 

 Bernardino Mountains, and on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada; southward up to 

 altitudes of 4000-5000, of its largest size near the shores of Puget Sound and in the Red- 

 wood-forests of northern California. 



3. Cornus asperifolia Michx. Dogwood. 



Leaves ovate or oblong, gradually or abruptly contracted at apex into a long slender 

 point, gradually narrowed or rounded and cuneate at base, and slightly thickened on the 



Fig. 706 



undulate margins, coated w r ith lustrous silvery tomentum when they unfold, and nearly 

 fully grown when the flowers open from the middle of May in Texas to the middle of July 

 at the north, and then dark green and roughened above by short rigid white hairs, and pale, 

 often glaucous or rough-pubescent below, and at maturity thin, scabrous on the upper 

 surface, pubescent or puberulous on the lower surface, 3'-4' long and l|'-2' wide, with 

 a thin midrib, and 4-6 pairs of slender primary veins parallel with their sides; petioles 

 stout, grooved, pubescent, usually about \' in length. Flowers cream color, on slender 

 pedicels, in loose broad or narrow often panicled pubescent cymes, on peduncles frequently 

 1' in length; calyx oblong, cup-shaped, obscurely toothed, covered with fine silky white 

 hairs; corolla-lobes narrow-oblong, acute, about \' long, and reflexed after the flowers open; 

 style thickened at apex into a prominent stigma. Fruit ripening from the end of August 



