858 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



smaller and often shrubby. Winter-buds narrow-lanceolate, \' long, with 2 thick lanceo- 

 late reddish brown puberulous scales. Bark of the trunk thin, dark gray or gray tinged 

 with red, and roughened by small thin appressed scales displaying in falling the dark cin- 

 namon red inner bark. Wood heavy, very hard and strong, close-grained, difficult to 

 work, dark brown, with thick light brown or yellow sapwood. 



Distribution. Usually in moist soil near the borders of streams and Pine-barren ponds 

 and swamps, and occasionally on dry sandy uplands; coast region of the south Atlantic and 

 Gulf states, from the valley of the lower Cape Fear River, North Carolina, to the valley of 

 the Kissimmee River, the interior of the peninsular (Lake and Orange Counties) and the 

 shores of Tampa Bay, Florida, and westward to eastern Louisiana. 



LXI. BORRAGINACE^). 



Scabrous-pubescent trees or shrubs, with watery juice, and terete branchlets. Leaves 

 simple, alternate or subverticillate, penniveined, persistent or tardily deciduous, without 

 stipules. Flowers regular, perfect, in terminal or axillary dichotomous often scbrpioid- 

 branched cymes; calyx usually 5-lobed, persistent under the fruit; corolla hypogynous, 

 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated in the bud; stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla 

 opposite its lobes; filaments filiform; anthers introrse, 2-celled, the cells opening longitudi- 

 nally; pistil of 2 carpels; ovary undivided (in the arborescent genera of the United States), 

 sessile on the hypogynous inconspicuous disk, more or less completely 4-celled; style 

 single, 2-branched or parted toward the apex; stigmas clavate or capitate; ovule solitary 

 in each cell. Fruit drupaceous (in the arborescent genera of the United States), tipped 

 with the remnants of the style, with 2-4 nutlets or cells. Seeds ascending; seed-coat mem- 

 branaceous. 



The Borage family with ninety-five genera, mostly of herbaceous plants, is widely dis- 

 tributed and most abundant in temperate regions, especially in the Mediterranean basin 

 and central Asia. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT GENERA OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Branches of the style 2-branched; fruit partly or entirely inclosed in the enlarged calyx. 



1. Cordia. 

 Branches of the style not branched; fruit not inclosed in the calyx. 



Calyx valvately splitting into 5 minute teeth; fruit with 2-4 1-seeded nutlets. 



2. Beureria. 



Calyx 5-parted or cleft, the divisions imbricated in the bud; fruit with 2 2-seeded nutlets. 



3. Ehretia. 



1. CORDIA L. 



Trees or shrubs, with petiolate entire persistent leaves and naked buds. Flowers in 

 terminal scorpioid-branched cymes; calyx tubular or campanulate, conspicuously many- 

 ribbed or rayed, the teeth valvate in the bud; corolla funnel form; anthers oblong-ovate; 

 ovary 4-celled; style slender, elongated, 2-branched above the middle, the branches 2- 

 parted, their division stigmatic to the base; ovule ascending, laterally attached below the 

 middle to the inner angle of the cell, suborthotropous; micropyle superior. Fruit entirely or 

 partly inclosed in the thickened calyx; flesh dry and corky or sweet and juicy; stone thick- 

 walled, hard and bony, 1-4-celled, usually 1 or 2-seeded. Seeds without albumen; embryo 

 filling the cavity of the seed; cotyledons thick and fleshy or membranaceous, longitudinally 

 plicate or corrugated, much shorter than the superior radicle turned toward the hilum. 



Cordia with two hundred and fifty species inhabits the tropical and warm extratropical 

 regions of the two hemispheres, the largest number of species being American. Of the four 

 species found within the territory of the United States two are trees. Some of the species 

 are valuable timber-trees, and others are cultivated for their edible fruits. 



The generic name is in honor of Valerius Cordus (1515-1544), the German writer on 

 pharmacy and botany. 



