BIGNONIACE.E 873 



A tree, in the forest occasionally 120 high, with a tall straight trunk rarely 4| in diame- 

 ter, slender branches forming a narrow round-topped head, and branchlets light green often 

 tinged with purple and pilose with scattered pale hairs when they first appear, light orange 

 color or reddish brown, covered with a slight bloom during their first winter, and marked 

 by numerous conspicuous pale lenticels and by the elevated oval leaf-scars \' long and dis- 

 playing a circular row of large fibro- vascular bundle-scars, becoming darker in their second 

 and third years; usually smaller, and in open situations rarely more than 50 high, with a 

 short trunk and a broad head of spreading branches. Winter-buds covered by loosely im- 

 bricated ovate chestnut-brown scales keeled on the back, slightly apiculate at apex, those 

 of the inner ranks at maturity foliaceous, obovate, acute, gradually narrowed below to a 

 sessile base, many-nerved with dark veins, pubescent on the lower surface, and sometimes 

 2|' long and f ' wide. Bark of the trunk '-!' thick, brown tinged with red, and broken on 

 the surface into thick scales. Wood light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, light brown, 

 with thin nearly white sapwood of 1 or 2 layers of annual growth; largely used for fence- 

 posts, rails, telegraph and telephone poles, and occasionally for furniture and the interior 

 finish of houses. 



Distribution. Borders of streams and ponds, and fertile often inundated bottom -lands; 

 valley of the Vermilion River, Illinois, through southern Illinois and Indiana, western Ken- 

 tucky and Tennessee, southeastern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas; very abundant 

 and probably of its largest size in southern Illinois and Indiana ; naturalized through culti- 

 vation in southern Arkansas, western Louisiana, and eastern Texas. 



Often planted in the prairie region of the Mississippi basin as a timber-tree, and as an 

 ornament of parks and gardens in the eastern states, and now in many other countries with 

 a temperate climate. 



3. ENALLAGMA Bail. 



Trees, with scaly bark, and stout slightly angled branchlets. Leaves alternate, short- 

 petiolate, persistent. Flowers solitary, or in few-flowered fascicles on long bibracteolate 

 peduncles from the axils of upper leaves or from the sides of the branches ; calyx coriaceous, 

 splitting in anthesis into 2 unequal broad divisions, or sometimes slightly 5-lobed, decidu- 

 ous; corolla inserted under the hypogynous pulviiiate fleshy disk, yellow streaked with pur- 

 ple, or dingy purple, tubular-campanulate, more or less ventricose on the lower side by a 

 transverse fold, abruptly dilated into an oblique 2-lipped obscurely 5-lobed laciniately 

 toothed limb ; stamens 4, inserted in 2 ranks on the tube of the corolla, in pairs of different 

 lengths, introrse, included or slightly exserted; filaments filiform; anthers oblong, the cells 

 divergent; staminodium solitary, posterior, often 0; ovary sessile, 1-celled, ovate-conic, 

 gradually narrowed into an elongated simple exserted style; stigma terminal, 2-lobed, the 

 lobes stigmatic on their inner face, or entire; ovules in many ranks on 2 thickened 2-lobed 

 lateral parietal placentas. Fruit baccate, oblong or ovoid; indehiscent, umbonate at apex, 

 many-seeded; pericarp thin^nd brittle; becoming hard, light brown and separable into 2 

 layers, the inner membranaceous, filled with the united and thickened fleshy viscid pla- 

 centas attached at base by a cluster of thick fibro-vascular bundles. Seeds imbedded ir- 

 regularly in the placental mass, compressed, suborbicular, cordate above and below and 

 deeply grooved on the convex faces; embryo filling the seminal cavity, flattened, thick and 

 fleshy, deeply grooved, becoming black in drying; radicle minute, turned toward the late- 

 ral hilum. 



Enallagma with three or four species is distributed from southern Florida through the 

 Antilles to southern Mexico and Central America. 



1. Enallagma cucurbitina Urb. Black Calabash Tree. 



Crescentia cucurbitina L. 



Leaves crowded near the end of the branches, obovate-oblong or ovate-oblong, con- 

 tracted into a short broad point or rarely rounded or emarginate at apex, gradually nar- 

 rowed and cuneate at base, and entire, with cartilaginous slightly revolute margins, cori- 



