RUBIACE^E 875 



on the shores of many of the Antilles, and southward to southern Mexico, the Pacific coast 

 of the Isthmus of Panama, and to Venezuela. 



B. Ovary inferior (partly superior in Caprifoliacece). 



LXV. RUBIACE^E. 



Trees or shrubs, with watery juice, and opposite simple entire leaves turning black in 

 drying, with stipules. Flowers regular, perfect; calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb 4 

 or 5-lobed or toothed; corolla 4 or 5-lobed; stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla, as 

 many as and alternate with its lobes; filaments free, or united at base; anthers introrse, 

 2-celled, the cells opening longitudinally; disk epigynous, annular; ovary inferior; style 

 slender; ovules numerous, or 1 in each cell; raphe ventral; micropyle superior. Fruit 

 capsular, akene-like, or drupaceous. Seeds with albumen; seed-coat membranaceous. 



The Madder family with some three hundred and fifty genera is chiefly tropical, with a 

 few herbaceous genera confined exclusively to temperate regions. To this family belong 

 the Coffee, the Cinchonas, South American trees yielding quinine from their bark, and the 

 plant which produces ipecacuanha, a species of Cephaelis and a native of Brazil, the Gar- 

 denia and other plants cultivated for their fragrant flowers. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT GENERA OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Fruit a capsule; seeds numerous, surrounded by a wing; parts of the flower in 5's. 



Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes unequal, sometimes developing into rose-colored leaf-like bod- 

 ies; filaments free; wing of the seed broad, oblong-ovate, unsymmetric on the 

 sides; leaves deciduous. 1. Pinckneya. 



Calyx' 5-toothed; filaments united into a short tube; wing of the seed narrow, symmet- 

 ric; leaves persistent. 2. Exostema. 

 Fruit akene-like, 1 or 2-seeded; parts of the flower in 4's or rarely in 5's, flowers in peduncu- 

 late globose heads; leaves deciduous. 3. Cephalanthus. 

 Fruit drupaceous, with a 4-celled stone; parts of the flower in 4's; leaves persistent. 



4. Guettarda. 



1. PINCKNEYA Michx. 



A tree, with fibrous roots, scaly light brown bitter bark, resinous scaly buds, stout terete 

 pithy branchlets coated while young with hoary tomentum, becoming glabrous, and marked 

 by scattered minute white lenticels and large nearly orbicular or obcordate leaf-scars 

 displaying a lunate row of numerous crowded fibro-vascular bundle-scars. Leaves com- 

 planate in the bud, elliptic to oblong-ovate, acute at apex, cuneate at base, and gradually 

 narrowed into a long stout petiole, thin, coated at first with pale pubescence, and at matur- 

 ity dark green and puberulous above, paler and puberulous below, especially along the stout 

 midrib and primary veins, deciduous; stipules interpetiolar, conspicuously glandular- 

 punctate at base on the inner face^inclosing the leaf in the bud, triangular, subulate, pink, 

 becoming oblong, acute, scarious, light brown, caducous. Flowers in pedunculate terminal 

 and axillary pubescent trichotomous few-flowered cymes, with linear-lanceolate acute 

 bracts and bractlets at first pink, becoming scarious, deciduous, or sometimes enlarging 

 and rose-colored; flower-buds sulcate, coated with thick pale tomentum; calyx-tube cla- 

 vate, bracteolate at base, Covered with hoary tomentum, not closed in the bud, the 

 limb 5-lobed, with subulate-lanceolate lobes green tinged with pink, scarious, or in the cen- 

 tral flower of the ultimate division of the cyme with 1 or rarely with 2 of the lobes produced 

 into oval or ovate acute rose-colored puberulous membranaceous leaf-like bodies, decidu- 

 ous; corolla salver-form, light yellow, cinereo-tomentose, with a long narrow tube some- 

 what enlarged in the throat, 5-lobed, the lobes valvate in the bud, oblong, obtuse, marked 

 by red lines and pilose with long white hairs on the inner surface, recurved after anthesis; 

 stamens exserted; filaments filiform, free; anthers oblong, emarginate; ovary 2-celled; style 



