CAPRIFOLIACE^ 889 



cous bracts and bractlets about r */ in length; corolla pale cream color or nearly white, with 

 ovate lobes acute and slightly erose at apex. Fruit ripening in September on slender 

 drooping stalks, in red-stemmed few-fruited clusters, oval or occasionally globose (var. 

 sphaerocarpum A. Gray), thick-skinned, sweet and rather juicy, black or dark blue, and 

 covered with a glaucous bloom; stone about f long and T 5 6 ' wide. 



A bushy tree, 20-30 high, with a short trunk 8'.-10' in diameter, slender rather pendu- 

 lous branches forming a compact round-topped head, and thin divergent branchlets light 

 green, slightly covered with rufous pubescence when they first appear, and in their first 

 winter light red, scurfy, marked by occasional dark orange-colored lenticels and by narrow 

 leaf-scars displaying 3 conspicuous fibro-vascular bundle-scars, becoming in their second 

 year dark reddish brown and sometimes covered with a glaucous bloom. Winter-buds 

 light red, generally covered with pale scurfy pubescence, those containing flower-bearing 

 branchlets f ' in length, abruptly contracted into long narrow tapering points. Bark of the 

 trunk reddish brown and irregularly broken into small thick plates divided on their surface 

 into minute thin appressed scales. Wood bad-smelling, heavy, hard, close-grained, dark 

 orange-brown, with thin nearly w r hite sapwood. 



Distribution. Rocky hillsides, along the borders of forests, or near the banks of streams 

 and the margins of swamps, in moist soil ; valley of the Riviere du Loup, Province of Que- 

 bec, to Saskatchewan, and southward through the northern states to southern Pennsyl- 

 vania, central Ohio, northern Indiana and southern Wisconsin, northeastern Iowa and 

 eastern Nebraska, and along the Appalachian Mountains up to altitudes of 2500 to West 

 Virginia; on the Turtle Mountains of North Dakota, the Black Hills of South Dakota, 

 on the eastern foothills of the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming and on those of the Rocky 

 Mountains of Colorado (Boulder, Boulder County). 



Often cultivated as an ornament of parks and gardens in the eastern United States, and 

 occasionally in Europe. 



X Viburnum Jackii Rehd. with characters intermediate between Viburnum Lentago 

 and V. prunifolium is now believed to be a hybrid between those species. 



3. Viburnum prunifolium L. Black Haw. Stag Bush. 



Leaves ovate or rarely obovate, oval or suborbicular, rounded, acute, or short-pointed at 

 apex, cuneate or rounded at base, and usually rather remotely or sometimes finely serrate 

 with rigid incurved callous-tipped teeth, lustrous and tinged with red, glabrous on the lower 

 surface and covered on the upper side of the midrib and on the bright red petioles with 

 scattered reddish hairs when they unfold, and at maturity thick or sometimes coriaceous, 

 dark green and glabrous on the upper surface, pale and glabrous on the lower surface, l'-3' 

 long and '-3' wide, with slender primary veins connected by reticulate veinlets; in the 

 autumn turning brilliant scarlet or dark vinous red before falling; petioles terete, grooved, 

 \'-\' in length, and on vigorous shoots sometimes narrowly wing-margined. Flowers \' in 

 diameter on slender pedicels bibracteolate at apex, in glabrous short-stemmed flat cymes 2'-4' 

 in diameter, with subulate caducous bracts about y 1 ^' long, usually red above the middle; 

 corolla pure white, with oval to nearly orbicular lobes. Fruit ripening in October, in few- 

 fruited red-stemmed clusters, persistent on the branches until the beginning of winter, 

 oval or slightly obovoid, '-f ' long or rarely globose, dark blue and covered with a glaucous 

 bloom; stone about \' long and \' wide. 



A bushy tree, occasionally 20-30 high, with a short and usually crooked trunk 6'-&' in 

 diameter, stout spreading rigid branches beset with slender spine-like branchlets, bright 

 red and glabrous when they first appear, soon turning green, and in their first winter gray 

 tinged with red, covered with a slight bloom, and marked by orange-colored lenticels and 

 by the large lunate leaf-scars displaying 3 fibro-vascular bundle-scars, and ultimately dark 

 brown tinged with red; or often a low intricately branched shrub. Winter-buds short- 

 pointed or obtuse, brown, glabrous or scurfy, those containing flower-bearing branches about 

 ' long and \' wide, and about twice as large as those containing sterile branchlets. Bark of 

 the trunk '- J' thick, and broken into thick irregularly shaped plate-like red-brown scales. 



