xii SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES 



VI. Myricaceae (p. 146). Flowers monoecious or dioecious ; fruit a dry drupe, covered 

 with waxy exudations ; leaves simple, alternate, resinous-punctate, persistent. 



VII. Leitiieriaceae (p. 150). Flowers dioecious, the staminate without a calyx ; ovary 

 superior; fruit a compressed oblong drupe; leaves alternate, simple, without stipules, 

 deciduous. 



VIII. Salicaceae (p. 152). Flowers dioecious, without a calyx. Fruit a 2-4-valved 

 capsule. Leaves simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous. 



IX. Betulaceae (p. 189). Flowers monoecious ; fruit a nut at the base of an open leaf- 

 like involucre (Carpinus), in a sack-like involucre (Ostrya), in the axil of a scale of an 

 ameiit (Betula), or of a woody strobile (Alnus) ; leaves alternate, simple, with stipules, 

 deciduous. 



X. Fagaceae (p. 216). Flowers monoecious ; fruit a nut more or less inclosed in a woody 

 often spiny involucre ; leaves alternate, simple, with stipules, deciduous (in some species of 

 Quercus and in Castanoj)sis and Pasania persistent). 



Section 2. Flowers unisexual (perfect in Ulmus) ; calyx regular, the 

 stamens as many as its lobes and opposite them ; ovary superior, 1-celled ; 

 seed 1. 



XI. Ulmaceae (p. 287). Fruit a compressed winged samara (Ulmus) or a drupe (Celtis) ; 

 leaves simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous. 



XII. Moraceae (p. 302). Flowers in ament-like spikes or heads; fruit drupaceous, 

 inclosed in the thickened calyx and united into a compound fruit, oblong and succulent 

 (Morus), large, dry and globose (Toxylon), or immersed in the fleshy receptacle of the 

 flower (Ficus) ; leaves simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous (persistent in Ficus), 



Section 3. Flowers usually perfect ; calyx 5-lobed ; ovary superior, 1-celled ; 

 fruit a nutlet inclosed in the thickened calyx ; leaves simple, persistent. 



XIII. Polygonaceae (p. 311). Leaves alternate, their stipules sheathing the stems. 



XIV. Nyctaginaceae (p. 313). Leaves alternate or opposite, without stipules. 



SUBDIVISION 2. PETALS. Flowers with both calyx and corolla (without 

 a corolla in Lauracece, in Liquidambar in Hamamelidacece, in Cercocarpus 

 in Rosacece, in Euphorbiacece, in some species of Acer, in Reynosia, Con- 

 dalia, and Krugiodendron in Rhamnacece, in Fremontodendron in Sterculia- 

 cece, in Chytraculia in Myrtacece, and in Conooarpus in Combretacece). 



Section 1. Polypetalse. Corolla of separate petals. 



A. Ovary superior (partly inferior in Hamamelidacece ; inferior in Mains, 

 Sorbus, Cratcegus, and Amelanchier in Rosacece). 



XV. Magnoliaceae (p. 315). Flowers perfect ; sepals and petals in 3 or 4 rows of 3 

 each ; fruit cone-like, composed of numerous cohering carpels ; leaves simple, alternate, 

 their stipules inclosing the leaf-buds, deciduous or rarely persistent. 



XVI. Aiionaceae (p. 326). Flowers perfect ; sepals 3 ; petals 6 in 2 series ; fruit a 

 pulpy berry developed from 1 or from the union of several carpels ; leaves simple, alter- 

 nate, without stipules, deciduous or persistent. 



XVII. Lauraceae (p. 329). Flowers perfect or unisexual; corolla 0; fruit a 1-seeded 

 drupe or berry ; leaves simple, alternate, punctate, without stipules, persistent (deciduous 

 in Sassafras). 



XVIII. Capparidaceae (p. 338). Flowers perfect ; sepals and petals 4 ; fruit baccate, 

 elongated, dehiscent; leaves alternate, simple, without stipules, persistent. 



XIX. Hamamelidaceae (p. 339). Flowers perfect or unisexual ; sepals and petals 5 

 (corolla in Liquidambar) ; ovary partly inferior ; fruit a 2-celled woody capsule opening at 

 the summit ; leaves simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous. 



