CONIFERS; 



long, with scales armed with minute incurved prickles, dark purple, turning after open- 

 ing dark red or mahogany color; seeds full and rounded at the apex, compressed at 

 the base, pale, conspicuously mottled with dark purple, \' long, their wings nar- 

 rowed and oblique at the apex, 

 about 1- long and \' wide. 



A tree, usually 30-40 or 

 rarely 90 high, with a trunk 

 generally l-2 or rarely 5 in 

 diameter, short stout branches 

 forming an open irregular 

 pyramidal picturesque head, 

 and long rigid more or less 

 spreading puberulous, soon 

 glabrous, dark orange-brown 

 ultimately dark gray-brown or 

 nearly black branchlets, clothed 

 only at the extremities with 

 the long dense brush - like 

 masses of foliage. Bark thin, 

 smooth, and milky white on the stems and branches of young trees, becoming on old 

 trees sometimes f thick, dark red-brown, deeply divided into broad Hat ridges, 

 broken into nearly square plates separating on the surface into small closely ap- 

 pressed scales. "Wood light, soft and brittle, pale reddish brown. 



Distribution. California, on rocky slopes and ridges, forming scattered groves on 

 Scott Mountain, Siskiyou County, at elevations of r>000-(3000 , on the mountains at 

 the head of the Sacramento River, on Mt. Yolo Bally in the northern Coast Range, 

 and on the southern Sierra Nevada up to elevations of 11,500, growing here to its 

 largest size, and hereat the highest elevations often a low shrub, with wide-spread- 

 ing prostrate stems. 



8. Finns aristata, Engelm. Foxtail Fine. Hickory Pine. 



Leaves stout or slender, dark green, lustrous on the baek, marked by numerous 



rows of stomata on the ventral faces, 

 !'-!' long, often deciduous at the end 

 of ten or twelve years or persistent 

 four or five years longer. Flowers : 

 staininate dark orange-red, pistillate 

 dark purple. Fruit 3'-3^' long, with 

 scales armed with slender incurved 

 brittle prickles nearly \' long, dark 

 purple-brown on the exposed parts, the 

 remainder dull red, opening and scat- 

 tering their seeds about the 1st of Octo- 

 ber ; seeds nearly oval, compressed, 

 light brown mottled with black, j' long, 

 their wings broadest at the middle, 

 about \' long and ^-' wide. 



A bushy tree, occasionally 40-50 

 high, with a short trunk 2-3 in diameter, short stout branches i regular whorls 



