88 



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



short-pointed connectives; scales of the pistillate flower usually 6, ovate, acute, 



spreading, obliter- 

 ated or minute on 

 the fruit. Fruit 

 ripening in the au- 

 tumn of the second 

 season, globose or 

 oblong, ^'-f' long, 

 reddish brown, with 

 a niembranaceous 

 loose epidermis cov- 

 ered with a thick 

 glaucous bloom, thin 

 fibrous dry sweet 

 ^_ flesh, and 1 or 2 



| l^ 77 ^d$^ large seeds; seeds 



ovate, acute, sharp- 

 pointed, irregularly 



lobed and angled, with a thick shell, the outer coat hard and bony, the inner thin, 

 white, and cartilaginous, and 4-6 cotyledons. 



A conical tree, occasionally 40 high, with a straight large-lobed unsymmetrical 

 trunk l-2 in diameter; more often shrubby, with many stout irregular usually con- 

 torted stems forming a broad open head. Bark thin and divided into long loose 

 plate-like scales ashy gray on the outer surface and persistent for many years. Wood 

 soft, close-grained, durable in contact with the soil, light brown slightly tinged with 

 red, with thin nearly white sapwood; used for fencing and fuel. The fruit is eaten 

 by Indians fresh or ground into flour. 



Distribution. Dry mountain slopes and plains from the valley of the lower Sac- 

 ramento River southward through the California coast-ranges to Lower California, 

 spreading inland along the southern coast mountains to their union with the Sierra 

 Nevada, and northward along the western slopes of the sierras to the neighborhood 

 of Kernville; also on the desert slopes of the Tehachapi Mountains, or the north- 

 ern foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, and on the eastern slopes of the San 

 Jacinto and Cuyamaca ranges. 



3. Juniperus Utahensis, Lemm. Juniper. 



Leaves opposite or occasionally in 3's, rounded, mostly without glands on the back, 

 acute or often acuminate, light yellow-green, rather less than |' long, persistent for 

 many years, the elongated and long-pointed leaves of young shoots passing gradually 

 into the acerose leaves of more vigorous shoots and seedling plants. Flowers : 

 staminate with 18-24 opposite or ternate stamens, their connectives rhomboidal; 

 scales of the pistillate flower acute, spreading, often in pairs. Fruit ripening during 

 the autumn of the second season, subglobose or oblong, marked by the more or less 

 prominent tips of the flower-scales, reddish brown, with a thick firm epidermis cov- 

 ered with a glaucous bloom and closely investing the thin dry sweet flesh, \'-\' long, 

 with 1 or rarely 2 seeds; seeds ovate, acute, conspicuously acutely angled, marked 

 nearly to the apex by the hilum, T V~i' l n g w ^ n a hard bony shell, a membranaceous 

 pale brown inner seed-coat, and 4-6 cotyledons. 



A bushy tree, rarely exceeding 20 in height, with a short usually eccentric trunk 



