92 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



toward the northern limits of its range shrubby, with many short erect or semi- 

 prostrate stems. Bark about \' thick, bright cinnamon-red, divided by broad shallow 

 fissures into wide flat irregularly connected ridges separating on the surface into thin 

 lustrous scales. Wood light, soft, very close-grained, exceedingly durable, light red 

 or brown, with thick nearly white sap wood ; used for fencing and fuel. The fruit is 

 gathered and eaten by the California Indians. 



Distribution. Mountain slopes and high prairies of western Idaho and western 

 Washington and Oregon, along the summits and upper slopes of the Sierra Nevada 

 of California, southward to the San Bernardino Mountains; attaining its greatest 

 trunk diameter on the wind-swept peaks of the California sierras, usually at eleva- 

 tions between 6000 and 10,000 above the sea. 



7. Juniperus monosperma, Sarg. Juniper. 



Leaves in pairs or rarely in 3's, often slightly spreading at the apex, acute or 

 occasionally acuminate, much thickened and rounded on the back, usually without 



or occasionally with obscure dorsal glands, gray-green, rather less than \' long, turn- 

 ing bright red-brown before falling; on vigorous shoots and young plants ovate, acute, 

 tipped with long rigid points, thin, conspicuously glandular on the back, often \' long. 

 Flowers : staminate with 8-10 stamens, their broadly ovate, rounded, or pointed con- 

 nectives slightly erose on the margins; pistillate with spreading pointed scales. 

 Fruit globose or oblong, \'-\' long, dark blue or occasionally copper color, with a 

 thick firm epidermis covered with a thin glaucous bloom, thin resinous flesh, and 1 or 

 rarely 2 or 3 seeds; seeds broadly ovate, often 4-angled, somewhat obtuse at the 

 apex, with numerous slender grooves between the ridges, a comparatively thin brittle 

 shell, and 2 cotyledons. 



A tree, occasionally 40-50 high, with a stout much-lobed and buttressed trunk 

 sometimes 3 in diameter, short stout branches forming an open very irregular 

 head, and slender branchlets covered after the falling of the leaves with light red- 

 brown bark spreading freely into thin loose scales. Bark thin, ashy gray, divided 

 into irregularly connected ridges, broken into long narrow persistent shreddy scales. 

 "Wood heavy, slightly fragrant, light reddish brown, with nearly white sapwood and 

 eccentric layers of annual growth; largely used for fencing and fuel. The fruit is 



