128 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



houses, and for furniture. The inner bark possesses mild cathartic properties. Sugar 

 is made from the sap, and the green husks of the fruit are used to dye cloth yellow 

 or orange color. 



Distribution. Rich moist soil near the banks of streams and on low rocky hills, 

 southern New Brunswick and the valley of the St. Lawrence River in Ontario to 

 eastern Dakota, southeastern Nebraska, central Kansas, northern Arkansas, and 

 Delaware, and on the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia and northern 

 Alabama; most abundant and of its largest size northward. 



2. Juglans nigra, L. Black "Walnut. 



Leaves l-2 long, with pubescent petioles, and 15-23 ovate-lanceolate leaflets 

 3'-3^' long, I'-l^' wide, often unequal at the base, long-pointed, sharply serrate 

 except at the more or less rounded unequal base, thin, bright yellow-green, lustrous 

 and glabrous above, soft-pubescent below, especially along the slender midribs and 



primary veins, turning bright clear yellow in the autumn before falling. Flowers : 

 staminate in stout puberulous aments 3' -5' long, rotund, 6-lobed, with nearly orbicu- 

 lar lobes concave and pubescent on the outer surface, their bracts \' long, nearly 

 triangular, coated with rusty brown or pale tomentum; stamens 20-30, arranged 

 in many series, with nearly sessile purple and truncate connectives; pistillate in 

 2-5-flowered spikes, ovate, gradually narrowed at the apex, \' long, their bracts and 

 bractlets coated below with pale glandular hairs and green and puberulous above, 

 sometimes irregularly cut into a laciniate border, or reduced to an obscure ring just 

 below the apex of the ovary; calyx-lobes ovate, acute, light green, puberulous on the 

 outer, glabrous or pilose on the inner surface; stigmas yellow-green, tinged on the 

 margins with red, ^'| ' long. Fruit solitary or in pairs, globose, oblong or slightly 

 pyriform, light yellow-green, roughened by clusters of short pale articulate hairs, 

 l^'-2' in diameter; nut oval or oblong, slightly flattened, l^'-l^' in diameter, dark 

 brown tinged with red, deeply divided on the outer surface into thin or thick often 

 interrupted irregular ridges, 4-celled at the base and slightly 2-celled at the apex; 

 seed sweet, soon becoming rancid. 



A tree, frequently 100 and occasionally 150 high, with a straight trunk often clear 

 of branches for 50-60 and 4-6 in diameter, thick limbs spreading gradually 

 and forming a comparatively narrow shapely round-topped head of mostly upright 



