JUGLANDACE^E 129 



rigid branches, and stout branchlets covered at first with pale or rusty matted hairs, 

 dull orange-brown and pilose or puberulous during their first winter, marked with 

 raised conspicuous orange-colored lenticels and elevated pale leaf-scars, gradually 

 growing darker and ultimately light brown. "Winter-buds: terminal ovate, slightly 

 flattened, obliquely rounded at the apex, coated with pale silky tomentuin, ' long, 

 with usually 4 obscurely pinnate scales; axillary ' long, tomentose, their outer scales 

 opening at the apex during the winter. Bark of young stems and branches light 

 brown and covered with thin scales, becoming on old trees 2'-3' thick, dark brown 

 slightly tinged with red, and deeply divided into broad rounded ridges broken on the 

 surface into thick appressed scales. Wood heavy, hard, strong, rather coarse- 

 grained, very durable, rich dark brown, with thin lighter colored sapwood of 10-20 

 layers of annual growth; largely used in cabinet-making, the interior finish of houses, 

 gun-stocks, and in boat and shipbuilding. 



Distribution. Rich bottom-lands and fertile hillsides, western Massachusetts to 

 southern Ontario, southern Michigan and Minnesota, central and northern Nebraska, 

 eastern Kansas, and southward to western Florida, central Alabama and Mississippi, 

 and the valley of the San Antonio River, Texas; most abundant in the region west 

 of the Alleghany Mountains, and of its largest size on the western slopes of the high 

 mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee, and on the fertile river bottom-lands 

 of southern Illinois and Indiana, southwestern Arkansas, and the Indian Territory; 

 largely destroyed for its valuable timber, and now rare. 



Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental tree in the eastern United States, and 

 in western and central Europe. 



3. Juglans rupestris, Engelrn. Walnut. 



Leaves 7'-15' long, with slender scurfy-pubescent petioles and 9-23 ovate-lanceo- 

 late leaflets unequal on the two edges, coarsely or finely crenulate-serrate nearly to 



the rounded or unequal base, dark yellow-green and glabrous, 2|'-5' long, \'-l' 

 wide, thin, dark yellow-green and glabrous, or pubescent on the lower surface, 

 especially along the stout yellow midribs and primary veins, turning yellow before 

 falling in the autumn. Flowers: staminate in slender aments 2^'-4' long, 3-5-lobed, 

 nearly orbicular, light yellow-green, glabrous or slightly pubescent on the lower 

 surface, short-stalked, their bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, coated with thick pale 



