130 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



tomentum; stamens about 20, with nearly sessile yellow anthers and dark conspicu- 

 ous slightly lobed connectives; pistillate in few-flowered spikes, narrowed at the 

 ends, coated with pale or rufous tomentum, ^'-J' long, their bract and bractlets green 

 above, puberulous at the apex on the outer surface, and irregularly divided into a 

 laciniate border rather shorter than the ovate acute calyx-lobes puberulous on the 

 outer surface; stigmas green, tinged with red, \' long. Fruit globose or rarely 

 oblong, ^'-1^' in diameter, with a thin husk glabrate or coated with short rufous 

 hairs; nut globose, without ridges, often compressed at the ends and sometimes 

 flattened laterally, dark reddish brown to black, deeply grooved, with longitudinal 

 simple or forked grooves, 4-celled at the base, 2-celled at the apex; seed small 

 and sweet, retaining its flavor for a long time. 



A tree, 50 high, with a short trunk occasionally 5 in diameter, sometimes 

 divided near the ground or usually 10-15 above it into several stout nearly 

 upright branches forming a narrow head, or in moist soil frequently spreading a 

 few feet above the division of the trunk and becoming pendulous at the extremities, 

 and branchlets coated at first with pale or light brown scurfy pubescence or tomentum 

 often persistent for two or three years, orange-red in their first winter, marked by 

 many small pale lenticels, and ultimately pale or nearly white; often a shrub send- 

 ing up from the ground a cluster of stems only a few feet tall. Winter-buds: ter- 

 minal \'% long, compressed, narrowed and often oblique at the apex, covered with 

 rusty or pale tomentum; axillary \' long, compressed, coated with pale pubescence. 

 Bark of young trunks and of the branches smooth, pale, often nearly white, becoming 

 on old trees V thick, deeply furrowed and brbken on the surface into thin appressed 

 scales. Wood heavy, hard, not strong, rich dark brown, with thick nearly white 

 sapwood. 



Distribution. Limestone banks of the streams of central and western Texas, here 

 shrubby or rarely more than 30 high; common and of larger size in canons of the 

 mountains of New Mexico and Arizona south of the Colorado plateau; in northern 

 Mexico. > 



Occasionally cultivated in the eastern United States, and hardy as far north as 

 Massachusetts; and rarely in Europe. 



4. Juglans Californica, Wats. "Walnut. 



Leaves 6'-9' long, with slender puberulous petioles, and 11-17 ovate-lanceolate 

 often somewhat falcate long-pointed leaflets l^'-3' long, ^'-f ' wide, coarsely serrate 

 except at the rounded or subcordate or wedge-shaped base, thin, light green, glabrous 

 or furnished on the under surface with tufts of pale hairs in the axils of primary 

 veins. Flowers: staminate in slender puberulous aments 2'-3' long, calyx elongated, 

 light green, coated like its bract on the outer surface with rufous pubescence, divided 

 into 5 or 6 acute lobes, short-stalked; stamens 30-40, with yellow anthers and short 

 connectives bifid at the apex; pistillate broadly ovate or subglobose, glabrate or 

 puberulous, \' long, the free border of their bract and bractlets ring-like, nearly entire 

 and much shorter than the broad ovate pubescent calyx-lobes; stigmas yellow, ^' long. 

 Fruit globose, f '-!' in diameter, with a thin dark-colored husk coated with soft 

 pubescence; nut nearly globose, without ridges, slightly compressed, sometimes flat- 

 tened at the ends, dark brown, obscurely grooved, with remote shallow grooves, 

 4-celled at the base, imperfectly 2-celled at the apex; seed large and sweet, 

 retaining its flavor for several months. 



A tree, rarely 60 high, with a trunk 18'-20' in diameter, and stout pendulous 



