JUGLANDACE^ 145 



bract lanceolate, acute, sometimes \' long, much longer than the ovate acute brart- 

 lets and the calyx-lobe; stigmas yellow. Fruit extremely variable in shape and size, 

 pyriform, ellipsoidal, or subglobose (var. odorata, Sarg.), rounded or often much 

 depressed at the apex, abruptly or gradually narrowed at the base, cylindrical or 

 often obscurely winged to the middle or nearly to the base, reddish brown, often 

 pubescent or covered with scattered clusters of bright yellow hairs, 1^-' '2' long, 

 f'-l^' broad, with valves gV~iV thick, opening in some forms only at the apex and 

 continuing to inclose the nut after it has fallen to the ground, in others splitting 

 to the middle or nearly to the base; nut ellipsoidal to subglobose, often nearly as 

 broad as long, rounded at the ends, or obcordate or rarely acuminate at the apex, 

 obscurely 4-angled, compressed or cylindrical, '-!' long, with thick or thin hard 

 walls and partitions; seed small, light brown, bitter or sweet. 



A tree, 80-90 high, with a tall slender often forked trunk occasionally 3 or 4 

 in diameter, spreading limbs forming a rather narrow head of slender more or less 

 pendulous and often contorted branches, and slender branchlets marked with oblong 

 pale lenticels, light green and nearly glabrous at first, rather light red-brown during 

 their first season, turning dark red in their second year, with small semiorbicular to 

 oblong obscurely lobed leaf-scars. Winter-buds: terminal usually about ^' long, 

 ellipsoidal, acute or obtuse*, and two or three times as large as the axillary buds, the 

 outer scales acute or often slightly keeled and frequently long-pointed, light orange- 

 brown or dark reddish brown, lustrous and covered with short soft pubescence, 

 usually deciduous early in the autumn, the inner scales yellow-green more or less 

 tinged with red, covered with long pale hairs on the outer surface, lustrous on the 

 inner, lanceolate and acute to broadly obovate and apiculate, frequently becoming 

 2' long and 1\' wide. Bark of the trunk '-' thick, light gray, with a firm close 

 surface usually divided by small fissures, or rarely scaly, with loose thick plate-like 

 scales 5' or 6' long. Wood heavy, hard, very strong and tough, flexible, light or 

 dark brown, with thick lighter colored or often nearly white sapwood; used for the 

 handles of tools and in the manufacture of wagons and agricultural implements, and 

 largely for fuel. 



Distribution. Dry ridges and hillsides, southern Maine to southern Ontario, 

 and southward to the shores of the Indian River and Peace Creek, Florida, southern 

 Alabama and Mississippi, and through southern Michigan to southeastern Nebraska, 

 Missouri, eastern Kansas, Arkansas, the Indian Territory, and Texas; most common 

 in Missouri and Arkansas; of its largest size in the basin of the lower Ohio River; 

 ranging farther south in Florida than other Hickories, and, with the exception of 

 the Pecan, farther to the southwest in Texas. The var. odorata from eastern New 

 England to Michigan and Missouri, and southward to the District of Columbia. 



11. Hicoria villosa, Ashe. Hickory. 



Leaves G'-10' long, with slender petioles pubescent in the spring and furnished 

 with conspicuous tufts of pale or brownish hairs, and glabrous or puberulous in the 

 autumn, and 5-9, usually 7, sessile or short-stalked lanceolate or oblanceolate acumi- 

 nate leaflets gradually or abruptly narrowed and nearly symmetrical or unsymmet- 

 rical at the entire base, coarsely serrate above, with remote glandular incurved teeth, 

 covered as they unfold with deciduous resinous globules and on the lower surface 

 with soft hairs mixed with the peltate silvery scales characteristic of this tree in 

 early spring and often deciduous before the leaves are fully grown; at maturity dark 

 green and glabrous above, pale or bright yellow below, the largest 4'-5' long, I'-l^' 



