TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



color, usually glabrous or occasionally puberulous during their first winter, becoming 

 ashy gray or light brown and ultimately dark brown, sometimes developing corky 

 wings often V-\\' wide; usually not more than 80 high, with a trunk 3-4 in diame- 

 ter; toward the northwestern limits of its range sometimes a low shrub. Winter- 

 buds broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, \'-\' long, with light red-brown scales coated 

 with soft pale pubescence. Bark l'-2' thick, deeply furrowjed and broken on the 

 surface into irregular plate-like brown scales often slightly tinged with red. Wood 

 heavy, strong, hard, tough, close-grained, very durable, dark or rich light brown, 

 with thin much lighter colored sapwood; used in ship and boatbuilding, for con- 

 struction of all sorts, cabinet-making, cooperage, the manufacture of carriages, 

 agricultural implements, baskets, railway-ties, fencing, and fuel. 



Distribution. Low rich bottom-lands and intervales or rarely in the northwest 

 on low dry hills; Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward through the valley of 

 the St. Lawrence River to Ontario, and along the northern shores of Lake Huron to 

 southern Manitoba, southward to the valley of the Peuobscot River, Maine, to the 

 shores of Lake Champlain, Vermont, western Massachusetts, Lancaster County, 

 Pennsylvania, central Tennessee, the Indian Territory and the valley of the Nueces 

 River, Texas, westward to the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains of Montana, 

 western Nebraska and central Kansas; attaining its largest size in southern Indiana 

 and Illinois; the common Oak of the "oak openings" of western Minnesota, and 

 in all the basin of the Red River of the North, ranging farther to the northwest than 

 the other Oaks of eastern America; common and generally distributed in Nebraska, 

 and of a large size in canons or on river bottoms in the extreme western part of 

 the state; the most generally distributed Oak of Kansas, growing to a large size in 

 all the eastern part of the state. 



Occasionally planted as an ornamental tree in the eastern United States. 



32. Quercus lyrata, Walt. Overcup Oak. Swamp White Oak. 

 Leaves obovate-oblong, gradually narrowed and wedge-shaped at the base, di- 

 vided into 5-9 lobes by deep or shallow sinuses, rounded, straight, or oblique at the 



bottom, the terminal lobe oblong-ovate, usually broad, acute at the elongated apex, 

 and furnished with 2 small entire nearly triangular lateral lobes, the upper lateral 



