MAGNOLIACKE 315 



soft, weak, coarse-grained, yellow tinged with brown, with thick darker colored 

 sap wood. 



Distribution. Sea-beaches and the shores of salt water lagoons ; Cape Canaveral, 

 Florida to the southern keys, attaining its largest size in Florida on Elliott's Key and 

 Old Rhodes Key; common on many of the West Indian islands and southward to 

 Brazil. 



Subdivision 2. Petalse. Flowers with both calyx and corolla 

 (without a corolla in Lauraceoe, in I/iquidambar in ffamameli- 

 dacece, in JZuphorbiacece, in some species of Acer, in Reyno- 

 sia, Condalia, and Krugiodendron in Rhamnacece, in Fremonto- 

 dendron in Stercyliacecp, in Chytraculis in Myrtacew, and in 

 Conocarpus in Combretacece). 



Section 1. Polypetalae. Corolla of separate petals (0 in 

 Cercocarpus in Rosaceai). 



A. Ovary superior (partly inferior in ffamamelidacece ; 

 inferior in Malus, Sorbus, Cratcegus, and Amelanchier in 

 Rosacece). 



XV. MAGNOLIACEJE. 



Trees or shrubs, with watery juice, branchlets lengthening by large terminal 

 or the flower-bearing branchlets by upper axillary buds, the other axillary buds 

 obtuse, flattened, and rudimentary, bitter aromatic bark, and thick fleshy roots. 

 Leaves alternate, conduplicate and inclosed in their stipules in the bud, feather- 

 veined, petiolate. Flowers perfect, large, solitary, terminal, pedunculate, in- 

 closed in the bud in a stipular caducous spathe ; sepals and petals imbricated 

 in the bud, inserted under the ovary, deciduous ; stamens and pistils numerous, 

 imbricated in many ranks, the stamens below the pistils on the surface of an 

 elongated receptacle ripening into a compound fruit of 1-2-seeded follicles or 

 samara ; ovules 2, collateral, anatropous. Four of the ten genera of the Mag- 

 nolia family are represented in North America ; of these two are arborescent. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ARBORESCENT GENERA. 



Anthers introrse ; mature carpels, fleshy, opening on the back at maturity, persistent ; seed- 

 coat thick, pulpy, and bright scarlet ; leaves entire, or auriculate at the base. 



1. Magnolia. 



Anthers extrorse ; mature carpels dry, indehiscent, deciduous ; seed-coat dry and coriaceous ; 

 leaves lobed or truncate. 2. Liriodendron. 



1. MAGNOLIA, L. Magnolia. 



Trees, with ashy gray or brown smooth or scaly bark, branchlets conspicuously 

 marked by large horizontal or longitudinal leaf-scars and by narrow stipular rings, 

 and large terete acuminate or often obtusely-pointed more or less gibbous winter- 

 buds usually broadest at the middle, their scales large membranaceous stipules 

 adnate to the base of the petioles and deciduous with the unfolding of each succes- 

 sive leaf, the petiole of the outer stipule rudimentary, adnate on the straight side of 

 the bud, and marked at its apex by the scar left by the falling of the last leaf of the 



