

ROSACES 351 



with a slightly thickened margin; petals 5, orbicular, sessile, white; stamens 15, 

 inserted in pairs opposite the petals and singly opposite the sepals; filaments subu- 

 late, incurved, as long as the petals; anthers oblong, 2-celled, the cells opening 

 longitudinally; carpels 2, inserted in the bottom of the calyx-tube, forming a superior 

 glandular-hairy ovary; styles 2, spreading; stigmas capitate, truncate; ovules 4 in 

 each cell, suspended; micropyle superior; raphe ventral. Fruit of 2 woody ovate 

 glandular 4-seeded carpels, dehiscent on the ventral and partly dehiscent on the 

 dorsal suture. Seeds ovate-oblong, pointed at the ends; seed-coat light brown, thin 

 and membranaceous; hilum orbicular, apical; raphe broad and wing-like; cotyle- 

 dons oblong-acuminate, twice as long as the straight radicle directed toward the 

 hilum. 



Lyonothamnus is represented by a single species found only on the islands off the 

 coast of southern California. 



Lyonothamnus, in honor of its discoverer, William S. Lyon. 



1. Lyonothamnus floiibundus, Gray. Iron-wood. 



Leaves 4'-8' long, ' wide when entire, or 4' wide when pinnately divided, when they 

 unfold covered below with hoary deciduous tomentum, at maturity dark green and 

 lustrous above and yellow-green, glabrous, or pubescent below, with orange-colored 

 midribs. Flowers in June and July, \'~\' in diameter, in clusters varying from 4'-8' 

 across. Fruit ripens in August and September, T 8 8 ' long. 



A bushy tree, rarely 30-40 high, with a single straight trunk 8'-10' in diame- 

 ter, and slender branches at first pale orange color and coated with deciduous pubes- 

 cence, becoming at the end of their first season bright red and lustrous; usually 

 shrubby, with several tall stems, or in exposed situations a low bush. Bark ' 

 thick, dark red-brown, and composed of numerous thin papery layers, forming after 

 exfoliating long loose strips persistent on the stem. Wood heavy, hard, close- 

 grained, bright clear red faintly tinged with orange. 



Distribution. Steep slopes of canons in dry rocky soil on the islands of Santa 

 Catalina, Santa Cruz, and San Clemente, California; most abundant and of its 

 largest size on the northern shores of Santa Cruz; on Santa Catalina much smaller 

 and rarely arborescent. 



3. MALUS, Hall. Apple. 



Trees, with scaly bark, slender terete branchlets, small obtuse buds covered by 

 imbricated scales, those of the inner ranks accrescent and marking the base of the 

 branchlet with conspicuous ring-like scars, and fibrous roots. Leaves involute in the 

 bud, simple, often incisely lobed, petiolate, deciduous, the petioles in falling leaving 

 narrow horizontal scars marked by the ends of three equidistant fibro-vascular bun- 

 dles; stipules free from the petioles, filiform, early deciduous. Flowers in simple 

 terminal cymes, with filiform deciduous bracts and bractlets, on short lateral spur- 

 like often spinescent branchlets; calyx-tube urn-shaped, 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated 

 in the bud, acuminate, becoming reflexed, persistent and erect on the fruit or decid- 

 uous; petals rounded, contracted below into stalk-like bases, white, pink or rose 

 color; stamens usually 20 in 3 series, those of the outer series opposite the petals; 

 carpels 3-5, usually 5, alternate with the petals, united into an inferior ovary; styles 

 united at the base; ovules 2 in each cell, ascending; raphe dorsal; micropyle infe- 

 rior. Fruit a pome with homogeneous flesh, and papery carpels joined at the apex, 

 free in the middle; seeds 2, or by abortion 1 in each cell, ovate, acute, erect, without 



