ROSACES 363 



glabrous and at maturity membranaceous to subcoriaceous, dark green on the upper 

 and pale on the lower surface, l'-l^' long and broad, with slender midribs; their peti- 

 oles slender, ^' long; stipules linear, acute, red-brown, sometimes 1' long. Flowers 

 on short pedicels, in erect villose racemes I'-l^' long, with acute colored bractlets; 



calyx cup-shaped, floccose-tomentose or soon glabrous, with linear acute lobes villose 

 on the inner surface; petals narrowly oblong to obovate, rounded or acute at the apex, 

 ^'-1' long; glabrous. Fruit subglobose, dark blue or almost black, with a glaucous 

 bloom, sweet and juicy, \' to nearly 1' in diameter; seeds \' long, with a lustrous red- 

 brown coat. 



A tree, occasionally 20 high, with a single straight trunk G'-IO 7 in diameter, and 

 slender branches green, glabrous, pilose, with long pale hairs, or pubescent when they 

 first appear, in their first winter bright red or plum color, glabrous or rarely puberu- 

 lous, and marked by small pale lenticels; more often a shrub, with clustered slender 

 stems. Winter-buds acute, \' long, with chestnut-brown glabrous occasionally 

 pilose scales, those of the inner ranks becoming ovate, acute, brightly colored, coated 

 with pale silky hairs, '-f' long. Bark about \' thick, smooth or slightly fissured, 

 and light brown slightly tinged with red. Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, light 

 brown. The nutritious pungent fruit is an important article of food with the Indians 

 of southwestern America, who gather and dry it in large quantities. 



Distribution. Valley of the Yukon River in about latitude 62 50', southward 

 through the coast ranges to northern California, and eastward to Saskatchewan, 

 Manitoba, the western shores of Lake Superior, and to northern Michigan; of its 

 largest si/e on the islands and rich bottom-lands of the lower Columbia River and on 

 small prairies in the neighborhood of Puget Sound. 



7. CRAT-5JGUS. Hawthorn. 



Trees or shrubs, with usually dark scaly bark, rigid terete more or less zigzag 

 branchlets marked by oblong mostly pale lenticels, and by small horizontal slightly 

 elevated leaf-scars, light green when they first appear, becoming red or orange-brown 

 and lustrous or gray, rarely unarmed or armed with stout or slender short or elon- 

 gated axillary simple or branched spines generally similar in color to that of the 

 branches or trunk on which they grow, often bearing while young linear elongated 



