RUTACEJE 583 



nearly globose clusters; mature carpels obliquely ovoid, 1-seeded, chestnut-brown, y 

 long, with a rugose or pitted surface ; seeds hanging at maturity outside the carpels. 

 A round-headed tree, 25-30, or exceptionally 50 high, with a short trunk 12'- 

 18' in diameter, numerous branches spreading nearly at right angles, and stout 

 branchlets covered when they first appear with brown pubescence, becoming glabrous 

 and light gray in their second year, and marked by small glandular spots and by large 

 elevated obcordate leaf-scars displaying a row of large fibro-vascular bundle-scars, 

 and armed with stout straight or sometimes slightly curved sharp chestnut-brown 

 spines ^' or more long, with perpendicularly flattened enlarged bases; or often a low 

 shrub. Winter-buds short, obtuse, dark brown or nearly black. Bark of the trunk 

 barely T y thick, light gray, and roughened by corky tubercles, with ovoid dilated 

 bases sometimes 1' or more across and thick and rounded at the apex. Wood light, 



soft, close-grained, and light brown, with yellow sapwood. The bark, which is col- 

 lected in large quantities by the negroes of the southern states, is used as a cure for 

 toothache and in the treatment of rheumatism. 



Distribution. Southern Virginia southward near the coast to the shores of Bay 

 Biscayne and Tampa Bay, Florida, and westward through the Gulf states to northern 

 Louisiana and southern Arkansas, and through Texas to the valley of the Devil's 

 River; in the Atlantic states not abundant, and confined to the immediate neighbor- 

 hood of the coast, growing in light sandy soil and often on the low bluffs of islands 

 or on river banks; on the Gulf coast ranging farther inland, especially west of the 

 Mississippi River; most abundant in eastern Texas, and of its largest size on the rich 

 intervale lands of the streams flowing into the Trinity River. In southern Florida 

 and western Texas a form occurs (var. fruticosa, Sarg., nov. now.), with short some- 

 times 3-foliolate more or less pubescent leaves, with small ovate or oblong blunt and 

 conspicuous crenulate rather coriaceous leaves; this is the common form of western 

 Texas, growing usually as a low shrub. 



3. Fagara flava, Kr. & Urb. Satinwood. 



(Xanthoxylum flavum, Silva N. Am. xiv. 98.) 



Leaves unequally pinnate, persistent, usually 6'-9' long, with stout glandular 

 petioles enlarged at the base, and usually 5, sometimes 3, or Varely 1 leaflet, unfold- 



