OF THE MOTOEY APPARATUS IN MAN. 



141 



in many quadrupeds (Fig. 95). The muscles, on the other 

 hand, situated on the flexor side of tRe body, are generally 

 small, as being but little required. 



The first cervical vertebra is called the Atlas, and is much 

 more moveable than the others ; it resembles a ring, and 

 turns on its own centrum, which is immoveably connected 

 with the second vertebra or dentata (axis). The movement of 

 the head forwards and backwards takes place at the articula- 



Fig. 95. Skeleton of the Camel.* 



tion of the occipital bone and atlas ; rotation of the head is 

 performed by the atlas and head moving as one around the 

 processus dentatus of the axis or second vertebra. There exist 

 check ligaments to prevent this movement going too far. 

 272. To the dorsal vertebrse are articulated the ribs, 



* The dark line represents the outline {silhouette) of the living animal ; 

 vc, cervical vertebrse; vd, dorsal vertebras; vl, lumbar vertebrae; vs, sacrum 

 or sacral vertebras; vq, vertebrse of the tail, or caudal ; c, the ribs ; o, scapula; 

 h, humerus ; cu, ulna, or cubitus ; ca, carpus ; me, metacarpus ; ph, pha- 

 langes ; fe, femur ; ro t rotula ; ti, tibia ta, tarsus; mt, metatarsus. 



