OF THE INTELLIGENCE AND OF INSTINCT. 



181 



this case they make war on feebler species, to procure the 

 larvae and the nymphs, transport them to their hillock, and 

 charge the slaves they have thus procured with all the labours 

 of the community. 



334. The instinct of society is in some animals united 

 to another natural tendency, less striking, but perhaps of 

 more importance to man; we allude to the disposition to 

 obedience in a whole flock to obey a chief, and which seems 

 connected with the instinct of imitation. This instinct is 

 remarkable in the horse and in apes. 



335. Faculties of the Understanding in Animals. 

 Instinct, no doubt, is the determining cause of most of the 

 actions of animals, properly 

 so called ; but some of them 

 seem to possess a certain 

 amount of memory, judg- 

 ment, and even the faculty of 

 establishing certain reason- 

 ings but little complicated. 



The faculty of memory is 

 obviously possessed by many 

 animals : the horse, the dog, 

 the elephant, remember kind- 

 nesses, and are not forgetful 

 of ill-treatment. Even fishes 

 seem to have this faculty, for 

 eels have been taught to re- 

 cognise the voice of their 

 keeper. 



336. It is even im- 

 possible to deny reasoning 

 powers to some animals. 

 Thus, the dog confined in a 

 wooden cage will continue to 

 attack the bars, evidently 

 hoping to destroy them ; but 

 he speedily ceases to attack 

 them if made of iron. When 

 the dog sees his master take K *. 133,-Chimpanze. 



his hat, he prepares himself 



for the journey, evidently anticipating what will, or may, 

 happen ; nor can we ascribe to any other faculty but that of 

 reason the conduct of the watch-dog, which every night freed 



