OF THE INTELLIGENCE AND OF INSTINCT. 



185 



In the antique busts, and in some living heads, this angle 

 amounts to a right angle ; but in most European crania, it 

 does not exceed 80 (Fig. 135) ; in negroes, about 70 (Fig. 

 136) ; in various kinds of apes, a 



from 65 to 30 (Fig. 137); 

 in the lower mammals it be- 

 comes still more acute, as may 

 be seen by referring to Fig. 

 138 ; finally, in birds, reptiles, 

 and fishes, it becomes still more 

 acute than in mammals. 



This coincidence between the 

 inclination of the facial angle Fig. 136. 



and the intellectual faculties, 



did not escape the ancient sculptors ; and they even exagge- 

 rated the angle in some of their busts. 



Fig. 137. Cranium of the 

 Barbary Ape. 



Fig. 138. Cranium of the Wild 

 Boar. 



[But it is not safe, in a scientific point of view, to attach much 

 importance to such measurements, for the presence of the frontal 

 sinuses, so large in many animals, as in the owl and elephant, 

 and even in man himself, may lead to grave errors in respect 

 of that which is really aimed at, namely, to discover the ratio 

 of the area of the cerebral cavity to that of the face ; and by 

 inference, the relative size of the brain, or of all the central 

 organs situated within the head, to the capacity of the cavities 

 for containing the organs of sense. R. ~K. ] 



[ 343. Daily observation shows how variously the intel- 

 lectual faculties of individuals are modified : to some are given 

 a brilliant imagination ; to others, great powers of calculation : 

 with some, generalization is easy ; with others, difficult or impos- 

 sible. The senses also are quite distinct in these respects ; and 

 hence, in all ages, attempts have been made to discover in the 

 form of the head, physical characters by which these various 



