OF THE INTELLIGENCE AND OF INSTINCT. 



187 



between these faculties and the conformation of their nervous 

 systems, calculated in any way to explain the phenomena ; nor 

 is it possible to admit, that were such relations traced to certain 

 structures in vertebrate animals, as the swallow, the beaver, &c. 

 (which has not been done), the same would apply to the inver- 

 tebrate kingdom, equally, if not more singularly provided with 

 instinctive faculties, and in which the central organs of the 

 nervous system, the brain and spinal marrow, are represented 

 by a chain of ganglions.] 



[The following observations, taken from my Manual of Human 

 Anatomy, will explain, though very briefly, to the student, what 

 has been done subsequently to the time of Camper on this difficult 

 question. I have not alluded to the memoir of my most distin- 

 guished friend Tiedemann, who endeavoured to decide the same 

 question by filling the interior of the skull with fine sand, and 

 comparing the results derived from the admeasurements of 

 different races of men. R. K. 



"This is a psychological question not as yet decided. Attempts 

 have been made in various ways to arrive at some approximation 

 as to the mere facts, independent of all theory, but even these 

 have not been very successful. The first proposal was the 

 method of Camper, hence called Camper's facial angle ; a mere 



Fig. 140. Profile of Negro, European, and Oran Outan. 



artistic view, leading to no important results. Next followed 

 the vertical view of Blumenbach ; then the basial ; lastly, the 

 vertical, proposed by Cuvier, in which the cranium and face are 



