266 ZOOLOGY. 



not attach any theory to it ; that has been done by later writers. 

 His arrangement of the races of men was geographical ; and 

 although it has certain facts favourable to it, the view is now 

 very generally abandoned. 



"Each race seems to have a civilization peculiar to itself; 

 thus the ancient Greek, seemingly now extinct, carried the arts, 

 literature, and even science, or at least philosophy, to a point 

 they have never reached since their epoch ; the Coptic race had 

 its own form of civilization, as exhibited in their architecture, 

 sculpture, and painting ; the same may be said of the Persian 

 and Mongol. The Western European races are chiefly deficient 

 in imagination and genius. The Negro race has never invented 

 anything. 



" Of all the races of man, the most remarkable is the Saabs, or 

 yellow race of Africa : it includes the Hottentot and Bosjesman, 

 properly so called ; but travellers affirm that the Australian or 

 Tasmanian stands lowest in the scale of humanity. However 

 this may be, certain it is that most of the coloured races of man 

 become rapidly extinct in presence of the white or European 

 races ; and were it not for climate, it is probable that many of 

 the races of man would have been long ago extinct, or nearly 

 so ; but nature seems to oppose the transfer of a race from the 

 continent on which it first appeared to another. Thus the 

 English make no progress in reality in India, and from northern 

 Africa all the immigrant races of Phoenician, Greek, Roman, 

 Vandal, &c., have disappeared. The Spanish blood will ere 

 long become extinct in America. 



"The anatomical structure of the races of man differs con- 

 siderably, so that there is not the slightest difficulty in distin- 

 guishing their various crania, although popular writers are fond 

 of denying this fact ; they are misled by the affiliations which 

 naturally exist amongst the races of man as amongst all other 

 animals ; these affiliations show that the races of man now on 

 the globe form one family." ft. K., Races of Men.'] 



413. The order of the quadrumana is" composed of those 

 animals which have the great toe so constructed as to perform 

 the functions of a thumb, and which use the four limbs as 

 well for prehension as for locomotion. Like the bimana, they 

 are frugivorous, and their teeth are similar to ours. In this 

 group are arranged the apes (Fig. 110, 133), the ouistiti 

 (Fig. 6), and the makis (Fig. 230). 



The apes are animals of small or moderate stature, the 

 muzzle moderately prominent, the neck short, the body 

 slender, and the extremities thin and long. They are covered 

 with long and silky hair, closely set; nevertheless, their re- 



