416 



ZOOLOGY. 



more complex jaws (<?, Fig. 434). Each of these last organs 

 offers besides a plate or a cylinder, more or less hard, armed 

 with small teeth or hairs, and carries on its outer side one or 

 two small stalks composed of several joints, called maxillary 

 palpi. Finally, behind the jaws is a second pair of appen- 

 dages, whose base is supported by a median horny piece, 

 called the chin (d) ; these appendages constitute the languette 

 or little tongue. They are applied against the jaws as those 

 are themselves applied against the mandibles ; there exists 

 besides a pair of articulated and moveable filaments called 

 labial palpi, because the name of lower lip is usually given to 

 the chin reunited to the languette. These different parts vary 

 according to the nature and consistence of the food. The 



Labial Feeler. 



Lateral Lobes of the 

 Little Tongue. 



Little Tongue. 



Fig. 436. Head of the Anthophora Eetosa, or Wild Bee. 



palpi serve principally to seize the food and to hold it between 

 the mandibles whilst they divide it. Sometimes the jaws 

 assume an enormous development, forming a sort of forceps 

 in front of the head ; this arrangement is very remarkable in 

 the heron beetle (Fig. 435), and in the other species of the 

 genus lucanus. 



522. For sucking instruments the jaws and the labium 

 become elongated, so as to form a kind of tubular proboscis, 

 in the interior of which there are often delicate filaments, 



