MARINE ZOOLOGY 



LAFOEID.S 



23. Lafo?a dumosa, Fleming. 



This species occurs in two forms, either 

 with simple stem over-running other coral- 

 lines and giving off, without footstalks, 

 tubular calycles narrowed and slightly 

 twisted at the base; or it is found with 

 compound branching stem giving off around 

 the axis the closely arranged calycles, the 

 whole suggesting perhaps a very prickly 

 bramble in miniature. Both forms common 

 in the coralline zone. Hastings. 



24. LafoHa pocil/um, Hincks. 



Upon Dipkasia rosacea, Eudendrium 

 rameum, etc. The creeping stem gives off 

 short, ringed peduncles with tubular but 

 shapeable calycles, some of which appear to 

 approach to the more tubular form pygmtsa. 

 In the Hastings specimens the peduncle has 

 from four to six rings, whereas Hincks gives 

 from five to eight for this species, and two 

 or three to Alder's species pygmeea. Some- 

 what rare. Hastings. 



25. LafoHa pygmtea (?), Alder MS. 



Some years ago this species was recorded 

 from Hastings, but in the absence of notes 

 and specimens mislaid, a query is here 

 appended. 



26. Caiycelia syrtnga, Linnaeus. 

 Over-running the polyzoan Anguinella 



palmata together with Qpercularella /acerata, 

 already noticed. The calycles are borne 

 upon short, three-ringed footstalks given off 

 from the creeping unringed stem. They 

 rather resemble those of 0. /acerata, 

 but are longer and not so swollen in the 

 middle. Some of the smaller calycles 

 which have the operculum introverted, and 

 so not seen, bear a resemblance also to the 

 calycles of Lafol'a pocillum and pygmeta. 

 Common upon Anguinella at low tide. 

 Hastings. 



27. Fili Hum serpens, Hassall. 



Stem nearly always creeping over other 

 hydroids, but in one instance upon a scallop 

 shell. It gives off ovate tubular calycles 

 without footstalk, the lower half being 

 adnate, and the upper half curved upwards, 

 showing a slightly trumpet-shaped aperture. 

 Calycles transversely lined. 



There is a remarkable form in which 

 apparently this species occurs, not mentioned 

 by another author, so far as the writer is 

 aware, and which merits notice. Upon 

 old shells covered with incrusting polyzoa, 

 the zooecia of the latter will often be found 



to contain hydroid calycles peeping out of 

 the apertures and bearing nearest resem- 

 blance to the present species. The calycles 

 are always black and glassy, possibly dis- 

 coloured by sulphuretted hydrogen ; some- 

 times they are long and tubular, at others 

 ovate in the lower, and tubular in the upper 

 half, and always with very trumpet-shaped 

 apertures. There is generally one calycle 

 in each zocecium, but occasionally there are 

 two. On dissolving the zocecia in acid, 

 only imperfect calycles are obtained, show- 

 ing no connection with a stem. It is 

 possible that these may be the primary 

 zooecia of the present species which are 

 prevented from freely budding by reason of 

 their limited surroundings. The type form 

 is common, and the other form described 

 is not uncommon. From deep water. 

 Hastings. 



COPPINIIDJE 



28. Coppinia arcta, Dalyell. 



A peculiar zoophyte, usually found 

 surrounding in short masses the stem of 

 Hydrallmania. A cross-section of the dry 

 polypary shows a chitinous layer enveloping 

 the stem, tunnelled with passages, one 

 above the other. From these passages 

 arise, at a little distance apart, tubular 

 calycles bent in the upper portion at about 

 a right angle. The calycles at half their 

 height are cemented together by a floor of 

 chitine. In the intervening spaces of this 

 floor are seen slightly-tubular orifices, 

 apparently subserving the escape of the 

 planules. Not uncommon. Hastings. 



HALECIID^ 



29. Halecium halicinum, Linnaeus. 

 Rather a coarse looking zoophyte. Stem 



and main branches compound ; branches 

 given off pinnately ; the footstalks bearing 

 the calycles are telescopic in appearance, 

 the latter resembling in shape a drinking- 

 tumbler. It is important to note in the 

 female gonophores of this genus, as Hincks 

 has pointed out, that the gonozoSid-bearing 

 polypites are not atrophied as in all the rest 

 of the Thecaphora, but are perfectly 

 recognizable polypites, protruding from one 

 side of the capsule. From moderate to 

 deep water ; common. Hastings. 



30. Halecium beanii, Johnston. 



A species of much more delicate and 

 flexible habit than the last. In the female 

 gonophore there is a lobe which projects 

 considerably in front of the aperture. From 

 deep or moderately deep water ; not un- 

 common. Hastings. 



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