MARINE ZOOLOGY 



9 1 . Diastopora sarniensts, Norman. 



Forming encrusting patches upon shells 

 and rocks. The zocecia radiate from a 

 centre, the anterior ends curving upwards 

 and being free. The apertures are elliptical 

 and alternate, and in many cases closed, 

 except as regards a small tubular orifice 

 which projects from the operculum. There 

 is a plain white basal border surrounding 

 the colony. Common from deep water. 

 Hastings. 



92. Diastopora sub-orbicularis. 



Colonies forming circular crusts upon 

 dead shells. The zooecia radiate from a 

 centre, the apertures being elliptical, alter- 

 nate, and only occasionally raised. Zooecia 

 and opercula minutely perforated. From 

 deep water ; not very common. Hastings. 



LICHENOPORID.S 



93. Lichenopora hispida, Fleming. 



This species forms little mounds consist- 

 ing of tubular zocecia arranged radially, 

 the free ends projecting beyond the common 

 matrix ; the apertures are thrown into 

 several sharp points. Colonies also occur 

 in compound form of greater extent, the 

 surface appearing dimpled. There is a 

 wide border of the basal layer displayed 

 around the colonies. Very common upon 

 shells from deep water. Hastings. 



CTENOSTOMATA 



ALCYONIDHDvE 



94. Akyonldium gelatinosum, Linnsus. 

 Colonies consisting of zooids embedded 



in irregularly lobed masses of a gelatinous 

 matrix. Specimens from deep water are 

 often very large and intricately lobed. 

 Colonies are smooth and of a light buff or 

 brown-green colour. Common. Hastings. 



95. Alcyonidium kirsutum, Fleming. 



In occasional years this species is found 

 covering weed at low tide in profuse masses. 

 The surface of colonies is mammilated and 

 the colour a buff-brown. Hastings. 



* 96. Alcyonidium parasiticum, Fleming. 



Forming inconsiderable colonies upon 

 coralline stems ; colour, grey-brown. When 

 the zooids are withdrawn the surface is 

 thrown somewhat into wrinkles. From 

 the coralline zone ; not common. Hast- 

 ings. 



97. Alcyonidium mytili, Dalyell.* 

 Hastings. 



FLUSTRELLID.S 



98. Flustrella hispida, Fabricius.* 

 Somewhat rare. Hastings. 



VESICULARIID.*: 



99. Vesicularia spinosa, Linnasus. 



This species forms erect, horny, branch- 

 ing growths of fine texture, and when dry 

 resembles in colour and appearance so many 

 strands of tow. The main stems are bent 

 in zig-zag manner, giving off branches at 

 each bend, but they are concealed by a 

 number of finer, climbing tubes which also 

 branch. The zocecia are ovately cylindri- 

 cal and are arranged uniserially and equi- 

 distantly upon the branches. Not uncommon 

 from moderate to deep water. Hastings. 



100. Amathea londigera, Linnaeus. 

 Forms little intricate masses, consisting 



of horny, branching stems bearing at 

 regular intervals linear groups of about eight 

 zooecia, resembling in imagination so many 

 little sacks stacked together. The stems 

 repeatedly divide, the division taking place 

 immediately after each group of zooecia 

 Upon weed, etc., from moderately deep 

 water. Not uncommon. Hastings. 



101. Bowerbankia imbricata, Adams.t 

 Brighton. 



O2. Bowerbankia pustuhsa, Ellis and So- 



lander. 



Little shrub-like growths of about i 

 inches in height. Zoarium horny, brown in 

 the lower parts, and branching at an angle 

 of about 30. The zooecia are ovately 

 cylindrical and occur in biserial and slightly 

 spiral order at the end of each branch, or 

 immediately before re-branching takes place. 

 Upon trawled rock ; rare. Hastings. 



103. Farrella repens, Farre.* 

 Hastings. 



Farrella repens var. elongata.* 

 Hastings. 



BUSKIID. 



104. Buskia nitens, Alder.* 

 Hastings. 



CYLINDRCECIID.ffi 



105. Angulnella palmata, Van Beneden. 

 Occurring in pendent, mud-coloured 



clusters upon rocks at low tide. Length 

 from 3 to 4 inches. The stems, with their 

 short and palmate branches, are rather cat- 

 kin-like. The zooecia are long and tubular, 



93 



