76 CATTLE-BREEDING. 



than the ordinary physiological connection. 

 Now it is a matter of common observation that 

 a special shape of the whole beast is typical of 

 the two kinds of cattle. The beef type is the 

 blocky, square-framed animal ; the milk type, 

 on the other hand, is wedge-shaped, with the 

 base to the rear, and 'tends to angularity. In 

 these types are to be seen well-marked types of 

 correlation. But it does not follow, and here 

 was the fallacy of the oldtjaeory, that be- 

 cause an animal bred for rajfe alone would 

 gradually assume one type, and one bred for 

 milk alone another, that the two qualities 

 could not be compositly produced in a single 

 animal; least of all, that the organs of nutri- 

 tion were appositely correlated with the organs 

 of beef and milk production, which was the" 

 thesis sought to be maintained. On the con- 

 trary, it is obvious that both milk and beef pro- 

 duction are co-ordinate functions of the animal 

 body, and that while one may be abnormally 

 developed at the expense of the other, the nat- 

 ural state is one of balance. The mother that 

 is herself beefy if unprovided with enough milk 

 to keep a thrifty calf, indeed, almost negatives 

 thereby the chances of the calf's growing into 

 a deep-fleshed animal by imposing upon it a 

 calfhood of insufficient nutriment. Of course 

 in an artificial life the owner provides against 

 this by nurse cows and other means, and so 



