INBREEDING. 89 



stock increased he was enabled to avoid the 

 injurious afid enervating consequence of breed- 

 ing too closely 'in and in.' The breed was the 

 same, but he could interpose a remove or two 

 between the members of the same family. He 

 could preserve all the excellencies of the breed 

 without the danger of deterioration." 



We see that he first selected the best obtain- 

 able animals of absolutely unrelated stocks; 

 they were said to belong to two " branches" of 

 the Longhorn breed; from these he bred very 

 closely at first, and then as the number of 

 animals increased he made the relationship of 

 the animals as distant as possible within the 

 limits set. Other breeders used his bulls, but 

 he clung to his original families. This course 

 resulted in the most absolute concentration of 

 blood, as all lines ran to the three original 

 animals. Let us take for an example the cele- 

 brated bull Shakespeare, said to have been the 

 best of Longhorn bulls, as an individual and as 

 a breeder. By referring to the diagram pre- 

 sented on the next page, which gives his extended 

 pedigree, his breeding will appear at a glance. 

 The Westmoreland bull was put to the first of 

 the Canley heifers, known as Old Comely, and 

 produced the bull Twopenny, a very widely 

 esteemed bull. Twopenny was then put to his 

 own dam and produced a heifer known as the 

 "Dam of D," and also to the other of the two 



