158 CATTLE-BREEDING. 



that the loss of the calves, which certainly oc- 

 curred, was not due to 2d Hubback. Whether 

 the calves of 1831 died from some cause directly 

 traceable to 2d Hubback, to general want of 

 constitution, or what cause soever, Mr. Bates 

 had used this bull in the hope of restoring 

 strength and fertility to his cattle, and had 

 failed. The cause of this failure seems most 

 likely to have been -the fact that he was not 

 sufficiently outbred to effect the requisite re- 

 vivification of blood, and to undo the evil 

 which had been wrought. Mr. Lewis F. Allen, 

 one of Mr. Bates' warmest admirers, sums up 

 in his "History of Short-horn Cattle" Mr. Bates' 

 experience up to this time as follows: "With 

 the production of Duchess 32d (in 1831) Mr. 

 Bates halted, and wisely. From the possession 

 of his Duchess 1st in 1810, for a period of 

 twenty-two years we find but thirty-one of 

 her female descendants recorded in the herd 

 book. There were meanwhile sundry bulls 

 dropped from them, but mostly sold to other 

 breeders, excepting those which he had used 

 in breeding, and even they had been during 

 some seasons let out for service to various par- 

 ties. The simple fact was the Duchess cows, 

 as a whole, had not been prolific or constant 

 breeders, through abortions or other causes, and 

 whenever they passed a year or two without 

 breeding he fed off and slaughtered them." 



