HISTORICAL TESTIMONY. 161 



and quoted above but also the growth of those 

 opinions, and in the last period we have a-strik- 

 ing illustration of the conflict between his fear 

 of too close inbreeding and his settled prejudice 

 in favor of his own stock and unwillingness to 

 introduce any other blood; 



An examination into the motives which actu- 

 ated Mr. Bates in his change of policy in 1831 

 reveals the fact that he was not half as anxious 

 to obtain any particular strain of blood as he 

 was to get some new and fresh strain of blood 

 to cross into his stock. Mr. Dixon very accu- 

 rately expresses it in the phrase which he em- 

 ploys. He says that Mr. Bates " began to cast 

 about/' and that very anxiously. He applied, 

 but applied in vain, for Mr. Whitaker's Freder- 

 ick (1060). He then sought Bertram (1716), but 

 he was already sold to Col. Powell of Philadel- 

 phia to go to America. He would have been 

 glad to get Norfolk (2377), and failing to obtain 

 him sent cows to him. He used Gambier (2046), 

 who got Duchess 35th. At last, after all this 

 "casting about," he made a ten strike in obtain- 

 ing the bull Belvedere (1706). Belvedere got 

 Duchesses 32d, 33d, 36th, 37th, and from 39th 

 to 43d. We have seen that Duchess 35th was 

 by Gambier. Norfolk got Duchess 38th, while 

 Bertram got Duke of Cleveland (1937), out of 

 Duchess 26th. After a time the extremely 

 strong outcross of the Oxfords was used, and 



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