HISTORICAL TESTIMONY. 163 



ing the laurels which were to give it such last- 

 ing fame. The third period, from 1838 to 1849, 

 was one of cautious mixture of in-and out- 

 breeding a time in which the herd lines were 

 drawn as closely as seemed safe, in order to 

 enhance their repute and value. Throughout 

 this period Mr. Bates presents the aspect of one 

 struggling against his prejudices and struggling 

 in vain. It is important to notice that it was not 

 till the close inbreeding of the first period had 

 given way to different counsels that Mr. Bates 

 began to win his fame as a breeder and his tri- 

 umphs in the show-yard. His great show-yard 

 triumphs followed upon the heels of his second 

 period, that of outbreeding. It was in 1839 

 that, with the Duke of Northumberland, the 

 Oxford cow, and the two Duchess heifers, he 

 made his first great show, and it was in the 

 following year that he clinched that victory 

 with another, when the Cambridge cow and 

 calf and the Cleveland Lad bull were brought 

 forward. These victories followed on the heels 

 of his outcrosses and give their results. This 

 is not merely the clear inference from the facts 

 before us; it is also Mr. Bates' own avowed 

 opinion, for he declared: "My best stock are 

 descended from 2d Hubback's daughters put to 

 Belvedere, a union that has answered most .ad- 

 mirably." * In other words, these two crosses, 



* "Bell's History," p. 81. 



