168 CATTLE-BREEDING. 



Mr. Carr says of Thos. Booth that he was no 

 servile imitator. "He was a contemporary of 

 the Collings, and began his career quite indepen- 

 dently of them as an improver of the cattle of 

 the same district, and he commenced it nearly 

 at the same time. * * * He afterward did 

 what wisdom dictated availed himself of the 

 Collings' best blood and incorporated it with 

 his own. * * * Having judiciously selected 

 the best animals procurable of both sexes, Mr. 

 Thomas Booth was careful to pair 'such, and 

 such only, of the produce of these unions as 

 presented in a satisfactory degree the desired 

 characteristics with animals possessing them 

 in equal or greater measure, and unsparingly 

 to reject, especially from his male stock, all 

 such as were not up to the required standard. 

 Having by these means succeeded in develop- 

 ing and establishing in his herd a definite and 

 uniform character, he sought to insure its per- 

 petuation by breeding from rather close affini- 

 ties as in his opinion the only security for the 

 unfailing transmission, and transmission in an 

 increased ratio, of these acquired distinctions 

 to the offspring. In tracing the pedigrees of 

 these herds it will be seen that from the earli- 

 est period the same system of breeding from 

 close relations which was pursued by the Col- 

 lings was followed by the Booths." 

 In this passage Mr. Carr confused terms, or. 



