214 CATTLE-BREEDING. 



laws of heredity, I am not blind or prejudiced 

 enough not to be able to see that the bulls 

 of their blood are constantly ennobling less 

 ancient lines by infusions of their blood. Cows 

 of five good crosses will win in the show-ring 

 as individuals, and as dams of two or more off- 

 spring; while the best bulls of the same number 

 of crosses will vanquish the most excellently 

 bred, both as individuals and as sires. What 

 more is to be asked? Yet we may not run 

 counter to the standards, and where a thou- 

 sand crosses on an American foundation are no 

 better than one, we must perforce still count 

 them all as grades. Not less profitable are 

 they for the beef market because they are 

 called grades, nor for the making of butter 

 and cheese. And these purposes of utility in 

 practical affairs are the end and object of the 

 grade's existence. For this end the breeder 

 and raiser of the grades must shape their 

 course, and for it the people at large will en- 

 courage them. On the other hand, the breeder 

 of improved stock would encourage them for 

 the demand thus secured for males, and the 

 greater and firmer this demand the more prof- 

 itable will the breeding of high-bred cattle be. 



