326 CATTLE-BREEDING. 



Northern sections of this country this is not to 

 be followed absolutely, for the cattle were not 

 originally subject to such excessive cold, and 

 would not thrive or prove profitable if exposed 

 to it, but would suffer greatly and in many 

 cases perish from exposure. Where man has 

 modified the surroundings by transportation or 

 other means he must adapt the other conditions 

 of life to meet these changes. Hence in many 

 cases continued stabling through the whole 

 winter is necessary, and in others for the win- 

 ter nights. These modifications are naturally 

 yielded to as imperative. But stabling is often 

 carried much farther than is absolutely neces- 

 sary; much farther than is good, I fear, for the 

 constitution of the animals. I seek to have the 

 animals out of doors at least half the time. In 

 the day-time in winter of course, and at night 

 in summer when it is cooler in the pastures and 

 the stock are not troubled, as they often are in 

 the day-time, with flies. If the stables are close 

 and hot of course it is open for consideration 

 whether the calves are not better off in a shady 

 pasture with an abundance of water near at 

 hand than in the stables. Unless there is some 

 special reason for it I do not ordinarily stable 

 the calves at all in the warm months. Bat if 

 they are being prepared for the autumn fairs 

 they must be put in condition and their coats 

 attended to, and this practically necessitates 



