GENERAL CARE OF CATTLE. 383 



the results throughout the animal's life. Many 

 an accident happens because calves are not 

 properly broken to lead; many a young bull's 

 temper is spoiled; many a young heifer loses 

 her calf because she will not submit to the 

 necessary human aid in securing a successful 

 deliverance. Reckless methods, driving with 

 stick and stone, are utterly to be condemned, 

 and constant handling and the most familiar 

 intercourse between man and beast is the one 

 and only policy which leads to success. If I 

 take my seat in the lot where my young heifers 

 have their grazing they will gather around me, 

 and push each other aside for the friendly 

 scratch on the back which they expect, and if 

 they do not get it will sometimes rub up against 

 me. This is the sort of terms which in my 

 judgment should exist between master and 

 brute. 



HEIFERS. 



The word heifer is a somewhat indefinite ex- 

 pression, being defined by the dictionaries to be 

 "a young cow." For practical purposes heifer- 

 hood, which generally may be said to be a some- 

 what indefinite period lying between calfhood 

 and maturity, may be taken to be the period 

 between about one year old and the production 

 of the first calf. In this period the animal's life 

 is somewhat different in its aspects, alike from 



