840 CATTLE-BREEDING. 



tions are combined in one animal great care 

 should be given to it to guard against this 

 trouble. 



In addition to these general subjects of atten- 

 tion young cows with their first calves are often 

 very restless from the time that the premoni- 

 tory pains of labor begin to come on. As the 

 moment of calving draws near this often 

 increases to a great extent, and the heifer will 

 lie down and then jump up and run about, and 

 often will bring forth her calf when standing 

 up, always imperiling the calf; and too often 

 killing it. 



CALVING. 



There is 'no special difference in the treat- 

 ment required by heifers and cows at the time 

 of calving except that the former require a little 

 more watching, and as the act of bringing forth 

 her first-born ushers the heifer, as it were, into 

 the fuller life of maturity, the subject to which 

 we have now come may be treated in its broad- 

 est relations. 



When the cow is about to calve she should be 

 left as entirely alone as is consistent with a 

 general oversight and a readiness to interfere 

 if anything goes wrong. Quietness is the great 

 desideratum. In good weather there is no place 

 so good for this purpose as the pasture where 

 the cow has been accustomed to wander at will. 

 In bad weather she should be put in a capacious 



