VI CONTENTS. 



PACK 



Production of cold : freezing mixtures, ... 27 



Cold produced by evaporation, .... 29 



Fresh water prepared from sea water by freezing, . 30 



Construction and graduation of thermometers, . . 31 



Centigrade, Fahrenheit, and Reaumur scales, . . 32 



Circumstances modifying the freezing point, . . 34 



Super-fusion and regelation, .... 35 



Welding, . . . . 36 



Soldering, ..... . . . 37 



CHAPTER III. Boiling of Liquids and Condensation of 



Vapours, ...... 37-57 



Ebullition, or boiling from beneath : steam and vapours, 37 



Circumstances modifying the boiling point, . . 38 



Motion produced by escaping steam. Jfolipyle, . 40 



Boiling under diminished pressure, ... 41 



Distillation : preparation of distilled water, alcohol, &c. , 42 



Fresh water obtained from sea water by distillation, . 45 



Anhydrous alcohol, ..... 46 



Precautions against fire from burning spirit, . . 48 



Extinction of fire : incombustible clothing, . . 49 



Vaporisation of liquids without ebullition, . . 50 



Condensation of dew and hoarfrost : dewpoint, . . 51 



Aspirator, ...... 53 



Freezing mercury, . . . . . 54 



Soldering metals and construction of apparatus,. . 55 



Bending, cutting, and drawing out glass tubing, . 56 



CHAPTER IV. Direct Passage from Solid to Vaporous State 



and vice versa, . . . . . 57-60 



Sublimation, . . . . . 57 



Separation of solids by subliming, ... 59 



Production of crystals by condensation of vapour, . 59 



Frosted trees, . . . . . . 60 



3. CHANGES OF STATE DTJE TO SOLUTION NOT ACCOMPANIED 



BY CHEMICAL ACTION, .... 61-116 



CHAPTER V. Solution of Solids in Liquid Solvents and 



Separation of Solids from Solution, . . . 61-73 



Production of solutions : saturation, ... 61 



Formation of crystals by evaporation and cooling, 62 



Filters and filtration, . . \^ . . 63 



