the Sipunculida and other t,roui;s. 



Houle (20) thiiiks that the Phororjilae shoula be placed 

 next to the hr-jozoa- in a natural classification. He aces not 

 consider that they havo any affinity to the EnterOiPneusta but 

 from a study of the early statics of devGlopment , he finds that 

 they are related to the true Chordata (Tirnicates and Verte- 

 brates). Ke says, "lembryon de Vertebre est uiio Trociiophore 

 renversee, " 



Lankester and Kclntosi; are incliiiCd to consider Phoroiiis, 

 Cephalodiscus and ^habdoplcura as related fonris ivnixc Harmer 

 (7) rtic'kes a comparison uf Phoronis with Cephalodiscus and 

 thinks tnat perhaps there may bo some affinity. 



Masterman (15-16) in a series of papery maae a compariaon 

 "•" the Acti no trocha- larva of Phoronis v;ith Balano^lossus and 

 its larva ai^d also witn Cephalodiscus, Ii; tris paper, he ar- 

 rives at the Conclusion ti'a.t there is a close ^^enetic relation- 

 ship between the Phoroniaae, Balaiio gloss us and Cephalodiscus, 

 Since the appeararxce o f Master Jiian's papers, Ikeda (9) has in- 

 vesti^^atod the development of Phoronis Ijimai and has made a 

 careful study of several Act ino trochae found in Japanese ;vater3. 

 Shortly after this, Lont^champs {!'<,) published a comparative 

 study of the early development of several species o -^ Phoronis 

 ana also o -^ several species of Act ino trochac, ,:,ivinc a very care- 

 ful critical r;esume'' o f^ the work done by dif-f'erent investigators. 



