DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION 



3 2 3 



tains have more or less reduced stems, relatively large, rigid leaves, and large, 

 brightly colored flowers. Fig. 161 represents a specimen of Achyrophorus 

 quitensis, a plant with well-developed alpine characteristics, found at altitudes 

 of from 3000 to 4000 m. in the Andes, from Colombia to Peru. 



Fig. 162. — Two plants of Betonica officinalis, one grown in the lowland (P) and the other in 

 the mountains (M). {After Bonnier.) 



The experiments of Bonnier 1 have shown that many of the peculiarities of 

 alpine plants are due to the environmental conditions under which they grow. 

 This author raised plants from the same lowland-grown seed in three different 



1 Bonnier, Gaston, Cultures experimental dans les Alpes et les Pyrenees. Rev. gen. bot. 2: 513-546. 

 1890. Weinzierl, Theodor, Ritter von, Der alpine Versuchsgarten auf der Vorder-Sandlingalpe bei Aussoe. 

 und die daselbst im Jahre 1890 begonnenen Samenkultur- und Futterbauversuche. Landw. Versuchsst. 

 43: 27-126. 1894- 



