3 2 4 



PHYSIOLOGY OF GROWTH AND CONFIGURATION 



localities, near Paris, in the Alps and in the Pyrenees. Those grown near Paris 

 had the usual appearance of their lowland parents, while those grown in the 

 mountains had many of the characteristics of alpine forms. For example, of the 

 two specimens of Betonica officinalis shown in Fig. 162, one (M) grew in the 



p M 



Fig. 163. — Two plants of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), one grown in the 

 lowland (P), the other in the mountains (M); at the right the latter is enlarged (If')- (After 

 Bonnier.) 



Fig. 164. — Picea (spruce) seedlings, three years old, grown under like conditions but from 

 different stocks. I, seed from the Achental (in the Austrian Tyrol) at an altitude of 1600 

 m.; 2, seed from the same region but at an altitude of 800 m.; 3, seed from Finland. 



mountains and the other (P) in the lowland. In the mountain form the whole 

 plant was smaller and the leaves were more crowded and nearer the base of the 



