CONTENTS ix 



CHAPTER VII 

 THE TREATMENT OF THE SHOOT 



SEO. PAGE 



25. Why must the shoots of our cultivated jilants l)e pruned ? . .134 



26. What is the least injurious form of a cut? 135 



27. How does summer pruning differ in its efl'ects from winter 



pruning? . • 137 



28. What is the effect of the different methods of pruning? . .140 



29. How may pruning be used to regulate the natural development 



of the tree? 142 



30. When is pruning harmful ? . . . . . . .146 



31. In what way can the natural process of healing be accelerated ? . 149 



32. By what means can we increase the effect of pruning? . . 155 



(a.) The bending of shoots 155 



(b.) The twisting of shoots 157 



(c.) Notching 158 



(d.) Ringing 159 



(e.) Peeling the stems 161 



33. Why do we slit the bark of trees ? 164 



CHAPTER VIII 



THE USE OF SHOOTS FOR PROPAGATING 



34. What is meant by layering, and of what use is it? . . .169 



35. What rules should be followed in striking cuttings? . . . 172 



36. What objects have we in view in budding and grafting, and 



how are these operations best performed ? . . . .183 



37. To what extent do scion and stock mutually influence one 



another? 194 



CHAPTER IX 



THE TREATMENT OF LEAVES 



38. What is the effect of injuries to the leafy tissues? . . 199 



39. In what cases can the leaf be used for propagation ? . . .201 



CHAPTER X 

 THE THEORY OF WATERING 



40. Why must we pay special attention to the watering of plants ? 205 



