viii CONTENTS 



SEC. PAGE 



8. Why and how should we replace the chief nutritive substance 



in the soil 1 .......... $2 



(a.) Fallow . . 52 



(h.) Inorganic manures 53 



(c) Organic manures 55 



(d.) Stable manures 56 



9. How can the soil best meet the requirements of the roots for 



air? 61 



10. How can we improve our fields so as to obtain the best 



possible crops ? 65 



1 1. How is the nutrition of pot-plants effected ? .... 70 



12. How do aerial roots nourish a plant? 75 



13. How do ordinary roots obtain their necessary supply of air ? . 77 



CHAPTER IV 

 THE TREATMENT OF ROOTS 



14. How should roots be treated in transplanting ? . . . 81 



(a.) A root system which has been considerably pruned . 81 

 (6.) A root system from which only the delicate roots 



have been removed 85 



(c.) The treatment of roots in re-potting .... 85 



(d.) The treatment of roots in transplanting in the open . 87 



CHAPTER V 

 THE STEM 



15. What is the structure of the stem ? 94 



16. What is cambium ? 98 



17. "Wliat is the function of the cambium in the ordinary course of 



growth? .......... 103 



18. How does the stem as a whole perform its functions?. . . 105 



CHAPTER VI 



THE LEAF 



19. Which cells of the leaf are the most essential ? . 



20. How are the assimilating cells of the leaf protected ? . 



21. How are the assimilating cells arranged within the leaf ? . 



22. How is the leaf developed ? 



23. What substances does the leaf chiefly form ? . . . 



24. How does the leaf actually perform its assimilatorv function ? 



108 

 no 

 118 

 120 

 122 

 127 



