Asperula.l TETRANDRIA — MONOGYNIA. 55 



Southern coasts of England ; particularly Devonshire, Dorsetshire, 

 and Portland Island, Jersey and Guernsey. FL summer months. 0. 



CLASS IV. TETRANDRIA. 



(4 Stamens, equal in height,^ 



ORD. I. MONOGYNIA. 1 Style. 

 * Perianth double. Cor. mojwpetalous, superior. Seed I. 



1. DiPSACUS. Involucre many-leaved. Cal. double ; ext. very 

 minute, forming a thickened limb to the germen ; int. cup- 

 shaped, entire. Rtceptacle chaffy, spinous. Frtiit angular, with 

 8 pores or depressed points, crowned with the double cal. 

 {Flowers densely capitate.) — Nat. Ord. DiPSACEiE, Juss. — 

 Named from oi-^aui, to he thirsty ; the upper connate leaves con- 

 taining water in their hollows. 



2. Knau'iia. Involucre many-leaved. Cal. double : ext. mi- 

 nute ; int. cup-shaped. Frtiit upon a short stalk, compressed, 

 with 4 pores or depressed points. — Nat. Ord. Dipsace^, Juss. 

 — Named in honour of Christopher Knaut, a Botanist of Saxony, 

 who flourished in the latter half of the 17th century. 



3. ScABiosA. /«tW<<cre many-leaved. Ca/. double : ex/, mostly 

 membranaceous and plaited ; int. with about 5 bristles. Fruit 

 subcylindrical, crowned with the double cal. (Flowers densely 



capitate) Nat. Ord. Dipsacej;;, Juss. — Named from Scabies, 



the leprosy, an infusion or decoction of some of the species 

 having formerly been employed in curing cutaneous diseases. 



** Perianth double. Cor. monopetalous, superior. Seeds 2.' 

 (^Leaves whorled. — Rubiacese.) 



4. Galium. Cor. rotate, 4-cleft. Fruit a dry, 2-lobed, inde- 

 hiscent pericarp, without any distinct margin to the calyx. — 

 Nat. Ord. RuBiACE^, Juss — Named from yaka, milk: the 

 plant having been used to curdle milk. 



5. RuBiA. Cor. rotate or campanulate, 3 — 5-cleft. Fruit a 

 2-lobed berry Nat. Ord. Rubiace^, Jm55.— -Named from ru- 

 ber, red, from the red dye afforded by its species, especially 

 Rubia tinctorum, which produces the true 3Iadder or Turkey-red 

 of commerce. 



G. AsPERULA. Cor. funnel-shaped. Fruit without any dis- 



1 This little groupe belongs to the first division of the Rubiace^ of Juss., 

 Stellate, Linn.Lindl. In some of the Genera, especially Galium, the cal. 

 forms so small a rim or margin to the germen as to be scarcely visible : the 

 tubular part being incorporated with the germeii. 



