62 TETRANDRIA — MONOGYNIA. [Rubia. 



Q. — On comparing this with the G. Parisiense of continental authors, 



1 thinic it will appear evident that it is but a glabrous-fruited var., such 

 as is also found on tho continent. The G. Parisiense of Tenore, for 

 example, has the fruit (piite glabrous. 



12. G. sacchardtum, All. (iva?f//- fruited Bed-straw); leaves 6 

 in a whorl lanceolate their margins rough with prickles point- 

 ing forward, peduncles axillary 3-flowered, fruit reflexed wart- 

 ed. — G. verrucosum, E. Bot. t. 2173. — Valantia Aparine, Linn. 



Corn-fields, rare. Corn-fields in the Carse of Gowrie, Scotland. 

 Near Malton, Yorkshire. Fl. June — Aug. ©. — Prickles of the stem 

 reflexed. The 2 lateral flowers on each peduncle are sterile, and fall 

 awa}', one from each side of the large warted //vnV, which together with 

 the marginal prickles of the leaves pointing forwards, essentially distin- 

 guish this from G. tricorne. 



13. G. tricorne, With, (^rough-fruited corn Bed-straio); leaves 

 about 8 in a whorl lanceolate their margins midrib and angles 

 of the stem rough with reflexed prickles, peduncles axillary 3- 

 flowered, fruit reflexed granulated. E. Bot. t. 1641. 



Dry chalky fields, in England : Isle of Thanet, in Surrey and near 

 Stamford, Lincolnshire. In Oxfordshire, Yorkshire, Gloucestershire, 

 Norfolk, Suff"olk, and the Isle of Wight. Fl. July. 0. 



14. G. * spurium, L. (smooth-fruited corn Bed-straio) ; leaves 

 about 8 in a whorl their margins as well as the stem rough with 

 reflexed prickles, peduncles axillary many-flowered, fruit smooth 

 spreading. E. Bot. t. 1871. 



Corn-fields near Forfar, rare. Fl. July. 0. — Allied to the 2 last spe- 

 cies in its short axillary peduncles : but in general habit coining so near 

 G. Aparine, that except by the glabrous ^nnV, it is scarcely to be dis- 

 tinguished. Sprengel asserts them to be the same. 



*** Fruit hispid. Floivers white. 



15. G. boredle, L, (^cross-leaved Bed-slrato); leaves 4 in a 

 whorl lanceolate 3-nerved glabrous, stems erect, fruit muricated. 

 E. Bot. t. 1 05. 



Moist rocks, frequent in the North of England ; Wales, and Ireland. 

 Fl. June, July. If. — In very shaded places and clefts of rocks, the stetns 

 are long and straggling. Flowers numerous, crowded, white. Bristles 

 oiihc fruit hooked. 



16. G. Aparine, L. (Goose-grass or Cleavers); leaves 6 — 8 in 

 a whorl lanceolate, hispid their margins midrib and angles of 

 the stem very rough with reflexed bristles, peduncles axillary, 

 stem Aveak, fruit hispid. E. Bot.t. 816. 



Hedges, abundant. Fl. June, July. ©.— Habit of spec. 12, 13, 14; 

 and, like them, annual. Plant straggling among bushes. Flowers few, 



2 or 3 together, on short, simple/oofoto//«, arising from the axils of the 

 leaves. Bristles of \\\e fruit hooked, which by their means catches hold 

 of the coats of animals, and is widely dispersed. The seeds have been 

 recommended as a substitute for coffee. 



5. Rubia. Linn. Madder. 

 1. R. peregrina, L. (wild Madder); leaves 4 — 6 in a whorl, 



