284 SYNGENESIA — /EQUALTS. {Serratula. 



volucre scaly at the base — Name xgri'ri;, a slipper or last, in 

 Greek, but why applied to this plant is not known. 



9. SoNCHus. Fruit transversely wrinkled, without a beak. 

 JPappus pilose. Receptacle naked. Involucre imbricated with 

 2 rows of unequal at length connivent scales, tumid at the base. 

 — Named Go^'y^oc, in Greek, from co/ipoj, soft, in allusion to the 

 soft nature of the stems. 



10. Leontodon. Fruit with a very long slender beak. 

 Pappus pilose. Recejytacle naked. Involucre imbricated with 

 scales, of which the outermost are frequently lax and flaccid — 

 Named from keov, a Lion, and obo-og, a tooth, from the tooth-like 

 margins of the leaves. 



1 I. BoRKHAUSiA. Fruit transversely wrinkled, with a long 

 subulate beak. Pappus pilose. Receptacle naked. Involucre 

 oval, with deciduous subulate scales, at length ribbed and fur- 

 rowed. — Named in honour of Bloritz Borkhausen, a German 

 Botanist. 



12. HiERACiuM. jprwiV angular, furrowed, with an entire or 

 toothed margin at the top. Pappus pilose, in one row, sessile, 

 frequently brownish, persistent. Receptacle nearly naked, dotted. 

 Involucre imbricated. — Name Jsfa^, a haivk ,• because birds of 

 prey were supposed to employ this plant to strengthen their 

 powers of vision. 



13. Lapsana. Fruit compressed, striated. Pappus 0. Re- 

 ceptacle naked. Involucre \\\ a single row of erect scales, with 

 small ones at the base. — Name from 'ka'xa^oi, to purge, from its 

 laxative qualities. 



14. CiCHORiUM. Fruit turbinate, striated. Pappus sessile, 

 scaly, shorter than the fruit. Receptacle naked or slightly hairy. 

 Involucre of 8 scales, surrounded by 5 smaller ones at the base. 

 (Flowers blue). — Name ; chikokryeh, in Arabic. The Egyptians 

 eat a vast quantity of this vegetable. 



* * Corollas all tubular and generally spreading so as to form a 

 hemisphcerical head, style jointed upwards. (This division, to- 

 gether with the Ord. Frustranea, constitutes the Cinaro- 

 CEPHALiE, Juss. Artichoke or Thistle Tribe.) 



15. Arctium. Fruit 4-sided. Pappus short, pilose. Re- 

 ceptacle chafty. Involucre globose, the scales with an incurved 

 hook at the point. — Name ; agxros, a hear, from the coarse tex- 

 ture of the involucres. 



16. Serratula. Dioecious. Fruit obovate. Pappus in 3 

 — 4 rows, of which the interior is the longest. Receptacle bristly 

 or chaffy. Involucre oblong, imbricated with unarmed scales. 

 Anthers muticous, — Name ; serrula, a little saw, which the mar- 

 gins of the leaves represent. 



