Diotis.^ SYNGENESIA — ^gUALlS. ' 285 



17. Saussurea. Pappus double, sessile, ext. of short rough 

 bristles ; inner feathery. Receptacle bristly or chaffy. Involucre 

 oblong, imbricated with unarmed scales. Anthers below setose. 

 — Named in honour of the two Saussures, father and son. 



18. Carduus. Pappus pilose, rough, united by a ring at the 

 base, and deciduous. Receptacle bristly. Involucre tumid, imbri- 

 cated with spinous scales. — Name ; Theis derives this from 

 ard, in Celtic, o, point ; whence also agSoc, in Greek; arduus, in 

 Latin, &c. 



19. Cni'cus. Pappus feathery, united by a ring at the base 

 and deciduous. Receptacle bristly. Involucre tumid, imbricat- 

 ed with spinous scales. — Named from /cv/^w, to prick or wound. 



20. Onop6rdu3I. Fruit 4-angled. Pappus pilose, rough, 

 united into a ring at the base, and deciduous. Receptacle honey- 

 combed. Involucre tumid, imbricated; the scales spreading and 

 spinose. — Name, rmg, an ass, and aTipdu, pedere, such being the 

 effect, according to Pliny, upon the ass who eats of it. 



21. Carlina. Pappus feathery. Recejjtacle chaffy. Invo- 

 lucre imbricated, tumid, the outer scales with numerous spines, 

 the inner coloured, spreading, resembling a ray. — Name ; the 

 same as Carolina, from a tradition that the root was shown by 

 an angel to Charlemagne as a remedy for the plague which pre- 

 vailed in his army. 



(See Centaurea in Ord. Frustranea.) 



*** Corollas all tuhidar but parallel, erect and crowded, forming 

 a level top, ivithout a ray, except casually.^ {Part of Corym- 

 biferae, Jicss.) 



22. Bi'dens. Pappus of 2 — 5 persistent awns, which are 

 rough with minute deflexed prickles. Receptacle chaffy. I?i- 

 volucre of many scales ; the outer ones or bracteas often leafy. 

 (Corollas sometimes radiant). — Name ; bis, double, and dens, a 

 tooth; from the two awns or teeth which crown the fruit. 



23. EuPATORiuM. Pappus pilose and rough or feathery. 

 Receptacle naked. Involucre imbricated, oblong. Florets few. 

 Styles much exserted. — Named from Eupator, the surname of 

 Mithridates, king of Pontus, who brought the plant into use. 



24. LiNOSYRis. Pappus pilose, rough. Receptacle alveolate. 

 Involucre in one row of leafy scales. Cor. deeply 5-cleft. Styles 

 scarcely longer than the florets — l^amediiYora Linum,flax, and 

 Osyris, an appellation given by Pliny to a plant with supple 

 branches and leaves like flax. 



25. DioTis. Pappus 0, Cor. with two ears at the base, 

 which border the germen and remain upon the fruit. Receptacle 



' In Bidens, Artemisia and Tanacetvm there is sometimes a ray. 



