CniCUS.} SYNGENESIA — ^QUALIS. 297 



flowers drooping, scales of the involucre lanceolate cottony, 

 outer ones spreading. E. Bot. ^.1112. 



Waste ground, in dry, stony or chalky soils. Fl. July, Aug. ^ . (©. 

 Sm.) — 2 — 3 feet high, not much branched, cottony, interruptedly wing- 

 ed. Leaves oblong, deeply sinuated. Flowers solitary, large, hand- 

 some, purple ; said to smell powerfully of musk in warm weather ; most 

 so in the evening, according to Lightfoot. 



2. C. acanthoides, L. (ivelted Thistle^; leaves decurrent sin- 

 uated spinous, involucre globose nearly sessile, its scales linear 

 slightly recurved. E. Bot. t. 973. — C.poli/acanthos, Curt. — C. 

 crispus, L. 



Way-sides and waste places; varying with white flowers. Fl. June, 

 July. 0. — 3 — 4 feet high, uninterruptedly winged, branched. Flowers 

 clustered at the ends of the branches, deep purple. 



3. C. tenuiflorus. Curt, {slender-flowered Thistle^; leaves de- 

 current sinuated spinous somewhat cottony beneath, involucres 

 nearly cylindrical clustered sessile, their scales lanceolate erect. 

 E. Bot. t.A\± 



Waste sandy places, especially near the sea, about towns. Fl. June, 

 July- ©• — 2 — 4 feet high, winged the whole way up the stem with the 

 decurrent bases of the leaves. 



** Leaves sessile. 



4. C. Maridnus, L. (jnilk Thistle'); leaves amplexicaul waved 

 spinous the radical ones pinnatifid, scales of the involucre sub- 

 foliaceous recurved spinous at the margin. E. Bot. t. 976. — 

 Silybitm, Gart. — B C 



Banks and waste places : rare in Scotland. About Edinburgh, and 

 on Dumbarton rock, Fl. July. $ . — 3 — to 3 feet high. Distinguish- 

 able at once by the milky veins on its leaves, and the great recurved 

 scales of the involucre. — A drop of the Virgin Mary's milk was con- 

 sidered to have produced these white veins, as that of Juno was fabled 

 to be the origin of the millii/ way. 



19. Cnicus. Linn. Plume-thistle. 



* Leaves decurrent. 



1. C. lanceoldtus, Willd. (Spear Plume- thistle); leaves decur- 

 rent hispid pinnatifid, their segments generally tvvo-lobed spread- 

 ing spinous, involucres ovate tomentose, their scales lanceolate 

 spreading, — Carduus, L. — E. Bot. t. 107. 



Way-sides and pastures, frequent. Fl. July, Aug. ^. — 3 — 4 feet 

 high, heaves downy beneath ; their points long and very sharp. Flow- 

 ers standing singly, large. 



2. C. paliistris, Willd. (Marsh Plume- thistle); leaves decur- 

 rent scabrous pinnatifid spinous, involucres ovate clustered, 

 their scales ovato-lanceolate mucronate appressed. — Carduus, 

 L.—E. Bot. t. 974. 



Moist meadows and shady places, frequent. Fl. July. $ . — 4 — 6 ft. 

 high, erect, copiously clothed with rather short spines. Remarkable for 

 its clustered heads of flowers, whose involucres have the scales broad, 

 appressed, keeled and mucronated. 



