298 SYNGENESIA — iligUALIS. [Cuicus. 



** Leaves sessile, or nearly so. 



3. C. arvmsis, Hoffin. (^creeping Plume-thistle); leaves sessile 

 pinnatifid spinous, stem panicled, involucre ovate its scales ap- 

 pressed mucronated. — Carduus, Curt. — E. Bat. t. 975 — Ser- 

 ratula, L. 



Fields and by way-sides, too abundant. Fl. July. If. — 1 — 3 feet high. 

 Boot very creeping. Stems angular, but not winged. 



4. C. Forsteri, Sui. (branching Bog Plume-thistle); "leaves 

 slightly decurrent pinnatifid spinous downy beneath, stem pani- 

 cled hollow, involucre ovate leather cottony, outer scales spinous." 

 E. Fl. V. iii. p. 390. 



Formerly found in boggy woods, near Frant, Sussex, 2 miles from 

 Tunbridge Wells. Foot of St. George's Hill, Weybridge. Gareagh, 

 Derry ; Mr D. Moore. Fl. July, Aug. !{. . — " The fructification most 

 accords with that of the last two sp., while the herbage and habit ap- 

 proach some of the following, or rather the exotic Cn. rivularis, Willd." 

 Sm. — Mr Borrer suspects it to be a hybrid production between C. pra- 

 tensis and C palustris. 



5. C. eriophorus, ^Villd. {icoolly -headed Plume -thistle); leaves 

 sessile pinnatifid every other segment pointing upwards spinous 

 scabrous, involucres sphserical woolly. Hook. Scot. i. p. 237. 

 — Carduus, L E. Bot. t. 386. 



Waste ground and road-sides, in a chalky and limestone soil. Rare 

 in Scotland. Near Edinb. ; Dumbarton and in Appin. FL July. $ . 

 — Stems much branched, furrowed, 3 feet high ; the stoutest of the genus. 

 Leaves acuminated, white and downy beneath ; their lobes alternately 

 pointing upwards and downwards, and terminated by sharp spines. In- 

 volucre very large ; its scales linear, mucronate, much interwoven with 

 a woolly substance. 



6. C.tuberosus, Willd. {tuberous Plume-thistle); "leaves deep- 

 ly pinnatifid lobed fringed with prickles, lower ones on long 

 stalks, stem almost single-flowered without wing or prickles, 

 scales of the involucre minutely spinous nearly glabrous, root 

 creeping tuberous." E. Bot. t. 25G2. 



In a copse-wood, called Great Ridge, on the Wiltshire downs, be- 

 tween Boyton house and Fonthill, abundantly ; A. B. Lambert, Esq. 

 Fl. Aug. If. — A most distinct and handsome species. 



7. C. heterophyllus, Willd. (nielanchohj Plume-thistle); leaves 

 semi-amplexicaul lanceolate soft ciliato-dentate undivided or 

 laciniated white and downy beneath, flowers mostly solitary. 

 — Carduus, L. — E. Bot. t. 675. 



Moist moi'ntain pastures in the north, frequent. Fl. July. y.. — 2 — 3 

 ft. high. Stems striated, and, as well as the underside of the leaves, 

 covered with a white cottony down. Leaves mostly radical and peti- 

 olated. Involucre dark green ; its scales lanceolate, acuminate, but not 

 spiny. 



8. C. pratensis, Willd. (Meadotv Plume-thistle); upper leaves 

 sessile lanceolate soft waved at the edge and unequally spinous 



