Centaurea.] SYNGENESIA — FRUSTRANEA. 309 



be sprinkled all over with little glands, in which the acrid matter is 

 j)robably lodged. 



5. A. tinctoria, L. (^Ox-eye Chamomile); leaves bipinnatifid 

 serrated downy beneath, stem erect branched subcorymbose. 

 E. Bot. t. 1472. 



Banks of the Tees, Durham, Essex ; and near Forfar, Scotland. Fl. 

 July, Aug. 11 — Stem a foot or more high, cottony, as are the scales of 

 the involucre. Flowers solitary, large, entirely yellow. 



45. AcHiLL.EA. Linn. Yarrow. 



1. A. Ptdrmica, L. (^Siieeze-xcort Yarrow); leaves linear-lan- 

 ceolate acuminate sharply serrated. E. Bot.t. 757. — /3. leaves 

 deeply serrated laciniated at the base, flowers smaller buff-co- 

 loured. A. serrata, Retz ? — E. Bot. t. 2531. 



Moist meadows and pastures ; especially in mountainous districts. — 

 /3. Near Matlock. Fl. July, Aug. if.. — Stem 1 — 3 feet high, erect, 

 terminating in a rather large corymb, the disk as well as ray of whose 

 Jiowers is white. — When dried and pulverized, the plant has been em- 

 ployed to excite sneezing. 



2. A. Millefolium, L. (common Yarrow or Milfoit); leaves 

 slightly hairy bipinnate, segments linear toothed acute, stems 

 furrowed. E. Bot. t. 758. 



Pastures and way-sides, frequent. Fl. all summer. 1^ Flowers small, 



white, or sometimes rose-coloured. The quality of this plant is highly 

 astringent, and the Highlanders are said to make an ointment of it, which 

 dries and heals wounds. 



3. A.*toment6sa, L. {woolly yelloio 3Iilfoil or Yarrow) ; leaves 

 woolly bipinnatifid, segments crowded linear acute, corymbs 

 repeatedly compound. E. Bot. t. 2532. 



Dry hilly pastures, in Scotland. Spittle-hill, north-west of Balvie, 

 Dumbartonshire ; and near Paisley. Ireland, {E. Bot.) Fl. Aug. If. — 

 A span or rather more in height. Readily recognised by its small size, 

 dov^ny leaves, and much branched coi-ymbs oi' ycWow Jiowers. 



SYNGENESIA— FRUSTRANEA. 



46. Centaurea. Linn. Knapweed, Blue-bottle and Star- 

 thistle. 



1. C. Jdcea, L. (brown radiant Ktiapioeed) ; scales of the in- 

 volucre scariose torn the outer pinnatitid, leaves linear-lanceolate 

 the lower ones broader and toothed, flowers radiant, pappus 

 very short in a single row. E. Bot. t. 1678. 



Hedges and waste places ; Sussex. Frequent in Angus-shire. Near 

 Belfast. Fl. Aug. Sept. If. — Lower leaves obovato-lanceolate, petioled, 

 toothed ; upper ones entire, sessile. Scales of the involucre i)ale brown, 

 shining, the outer ones deeply pinnatifid, the inner or uppermost, torn ; 

 in which respects it differs strikingly from C. nigra. Florets veryj^nu- 

 merous, spreading, purple. 



2. C. nigra, L. (black Knapweed); scales of the involucre ovate 

 closely and deeply fringed with spreading capillary teeth, lower 



