DICOTYLEDONES — THALAMIFLOR^. 399 



Europe and northern Africa, ivith handsome, generally fugacious 

 Jiowers — Cisius Creticus affords the balsam called Gwn Lab- 

 damim. The stamens of ^eZ«a?iMe/?M«M (all the species ?) ex- 

 pand after being suddenly compressed between the finger and 

 thumb — HelianthemuM; p. 209. 



Ord. IX. VIOLARIE^, Sepals 5, persistent, frequently 

 extended at the base. Petals 5, equal ; or (in Viola, &c.) un- 

 equal and the lower one spurred at the base. Stamens 5 : Ati- 

 thers generally with a dilated appendage at their extremity ; 2 of 

 them, in the genera with irregular flowers, usually appendiculated 

 at the base. Ovary 1 -celled, with 3 parietal receptacles, bear- 

 ing several seeds. — Herbs or shrubs, with stipided leaves, and 

 powerfidly emetic and purgative roots; as Viola Ipecacuanha, 

 lonidium parvijlorum (which I have satisfactorily ascertained to 

 be the famous " Cuychunchulle," lonidium Marcucii of Dr Ban- 

 croft, &c. — Viola, p. 77. 



Ord. X. DROSERACE^. Sepals .5, persistent, equal. 

 Petals 5. Stamens free, equal in number with the petals or 2 or 

 3 or 4 times as many. Ovary ]. Styles 3 — 5, often branched. 

 Capsule 1 — 3-celled, 3~5-valved. Valves bearing the seeds, 

 which are naked or arilled. — Delicate herbs, of marshy ground, 

 in Drosera clothed with beautiful glandular and viscid hairs by 

 which flies are abundantly destroyed : they give out too on the 

 papers in which they are pressed a copious purple dye. In 

 Dionaa the leaves are furnished with 2 remarkable spreading 

 lobes fringed with bristles and jointed as it were in the middle. 

 These lobes are highly irritable on being touclied by an insect, 

 when they close upon and destroy the victim. — Drosera, p. 86. 



Ord. XI. POLYGALEiE. Sepals 5, the 2 inner gene- 

 rally large and petaloid. Petals 3 — 3, more or less united with 

 the filaments of the stamens which form 2 parcels, each with 4 

 anthers, opening by pores at the apex. Ovary I, usually 2-celled. 

 Style and stigma 1. Fridt a capsule or drupaceous, 2- or 1- 

 celled, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds solitary, pendulous, often 

 with a caruncle at the base. — Shrubs or herbs. Leaves without 

 stipules. Flowers usually racemose. — Several of this family are 

 used medicinally. The leaves are bitter ; the roots more or less 

 milky. Polygala Senega is the snake-root of N. America. Kra- 

 meria of Peru is powerfully astringent Polygala,/*. 263. 



Ord. XII. FRANKENIACE^. Sepals 4—5, combined 

 into a furrowed persistent tube. Petals 3, clawed, crowned at 

 the mouth. Stameyis 5 or more. Ovary 1. Style filiform, 2 — 3- 

 cleft. Capsule 2 — 4-valved, 1-celled. Seeds minute, attached 

 to the margins of the valves. Emhrtjo straight in the albumen. 

 — Herbaceous or sufFruticose, much branched. Leaves opposite, 

 without stipules, but with a membranous sheathing base. — Frank- 

 ENIA, p. 133. 



